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Willems, Mia; Quartero, A. Otto; Numans, M. E.

doi:10.1023/a:1011935603893

Cited by 173 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The participants started the meal with the drink, in which 1.5 g acetaminophen (Paracetamol 500 PCH, Pharmachemie BV, Haarlem, the Netherlands) was dissolved to assess gastric emptying. 18, 19 Thereafter, the two crackers (with toppings) and water were consumed, all within 15 min. Blood samples were taken for assessment of plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon, acetaminophen and serum insulin concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults

et al. 2013

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Introduction:Mechanisms for liraglutide-induced weight loss are poorly understood.Objective:We investigated the effects of liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese non-diabetic individuals.Design:Participants (N=49, 18–75 years, body mass index: 30–40 kg m−2) were randomized to two of three treatments: liraglutide 1.8 mg, 3.0 mg, or placebo in a double-blind, incomplete crossover trial. After 5 weeks, 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation were measured in a respiratory chamber. Gastric emptying (acetaminophen absorption method), glycemic parameters and appetite were assessed during a 5-h meal test. Ad libitum energy intake during a subsequent lunch was also assessed.Results:Five-hour gastric emptying (AUC0–300 min) was found to be equivalent for liraglutide 1.8 versus 3.0 mg (primary end point), and for both liraglutide doses versus placebo, as 90% confidence intervals for the estimated treatment ratios were contained within the prespecified interval (0.80–1.25). However, 1-h gastric emptying was 23% lower than placebo with liraglutide 3.0 mg (P=0.007), and a nonsignificant 13% lower than placebo with liraglutide 1.8 mg (P=0.14). Both liraglutide doses similarly reduced fasting glucose (0.5–0.6 mmol l−1 versus placebo, P<0.0001), glucose Cmax and 1-h AUC versus placebo; only liraglutide 3.0 mg reduced iAUC0–300 min (by ∼26% versus placebo, P=0.02). Glucagon iAUC0–300 min decreased by ∼30%, and iAUC0–60 min for insulin and C-peptide was ∼20% lower with both liraglutide doses versus placebo. Liraglutide doses similarly increased mean postprandial satiety and fullness ratings, reduced hunger and prospective food consumption and decreased ad libitum energy intake by ∼16%. Liraglutide-associated reductions in EE were partly explained by a decrease in body weight. A relative shift toward increased fat and reduced carbohydrate oxidation was observed with liraglutide. Clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT00978393. Funding: Novo Nordisk.Conclusion:Gastric emptying AUC0–300 min was equivalent for liraglutide 1.8 and 3.0 mg, and for liraglutide versus placebo, whereas reductions in 1-h gastric emptying of 23% with liraglutide 3.0 mg and 13% with 1.8 mg versus placebo were observed. Liraglutide 3.0 mg improved postprandial glycemia to a greater extent than liraglutide 1.8 mg. Liraglutide-induced weight loss appears to be mediated by reduced appetite and energy intake rather than increased EE.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, gastric emptying is the rate-limiting step for the appearance of acetaminophen in the blood. 18 The maximum concentration (C max ) of acetaminophen is reached after 30–60 min and t½ is approximately 2 h. Therefore, 60 min AUC is a marker of the rapidity of gastric emptying and 300 min AUC a marker of gastric emptying totality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults

et al. 2013

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“…Acetaminophen (1.5 g) was given at the beginning of the meal with a sip of water. Postprandial plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured and used to estimate gastric emptying rate [11]. Peak and time-to-peak acetaminophen were used as surrogate for GPE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of meal size and texture on gastric pouch emptying and glucagon-like peptide 1 after gastric bypass surgery

Stano

Alam

et al. 2017

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases

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Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) accelerates gastric pouch emptying, enhances postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin, and lowers glucose concentrations. To prevent discomfort and reactive hypoglycemia, it is recommended that post-RYGB patients eat small, frequent meals and avoid caloric drinks. However, the effect of meal size and texture on GLP-1 and metabolic response has not been studied. Objectives To demonstrate that frequent minimeals and solid meals (S) elicit less GLP-1 and insulin release and less reactive hypoglycemia and are better tolerated compared with a single isocaloric liquid meal (L). Setting A university hospital. Methods In this prospective study, 32 RYGB candidates were enrolled and randomized to L or S groups before gastric bypass. Each subject received an L or S 600-kcal single meal (SM) administered at hour 0 or three 200-kcal minimeals administered at hours 0, 2, and 4 on 2 separate days. Twenty-one patients were retested 1 year after RYGB. Blood and visual analogue scale measurements were collected up to 6 hours postprandially. Outcome measures included gastric pouch emptying, glucose, insulin, and GLP-1; hunger, fullness, and stomach discomfort were measured by visual analogue scale. Results Twenty-one were patients retested after RYGB (L: n = 12; S: n = 9). Meal texture had a significant effect on peak GLP-1 (L-SM: 106.1 ± 67.2 versus S-SM: 45.3 ± 25.2 pM, P = .004), peak insulin, and postprandial glucose. Hypoglycemia was more frequent after the L-SM meal compared with the S-SM. Gastric pouch emptying was 2.4 times faster after RYGB but was not affected by texture. Conclusions Meal texture and size have significant impact on tolerance and metabolic response after RYGB.

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“…when ingestion of the meal started, as both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia affect gastric emptying [25,26], which was estimated by the paracetamol absorption method [27,28]. Therefore, a variable insulin infusion (0.02–0.2 IU kg –1 h –1 ) was given intravenously prior to baseline to subjects with hyperglycaemia (>7.5 mmol/l).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fat Supplementation on Postprandial GIP, GLP-1, Ghrelin and IGFBP-1 Levels: A Pilot Study on Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Lodefalk

Carlsson-Skwirut²,

Holst³

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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Aims: To compare the responses of GIP, GLP-1, ghrelin and IGFBP-1 between meals with different fat and energy content in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and to relate them to gastric emptying and glycaemia. Methods: On different days and in a random order, 7 adolescents with T1DM ingested a high- and low-fat meal (fat content: 38 and 2 g, energy content: 640 and 320 kcal, respectively). At normoglycaemia, the same prandial insulin dose was given at both meals and to all subjects. Postprandial blood samples were taken repeatedly over 4 hours. Gastric emptying was estimated by the paracetamol absorption method. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) for GIP_{0–240 min} and for GLP-1_{0–120 min} was larger, but smaller for relative ghrelin_{0–240 min}, after the high-fat meal (p = 0.002, 0.030 and 0.043, respectively). IGFBP-1 decreased significantly, but not differently, after the meals. Larger GLP-1 secretion correlated with slower gastric emptying (p = 0.029) and higher fasting ghrelin levels correlated with lower postprandial glycaemia (p = 0.007). Conclusion: In adolescents with T1DM, the postprandial responses of GIP, GLP-1 and ghrelin, but not that of IGFBP-1, depend more on meal size than on insulin.

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Cited by 173 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults

Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults

Effect of meal size and texture on gastric pouch emptying and glucagon-like peptide 1 after gastric bypass surgery

Effects of Fat Supplementation on Postprandial GIP, GLP-1, Ghrelin and IGFBP-1 Levels: A Pilot Study on Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

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