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Craycraft, Catherine; Craycraft, Joseph L.; Gallo, Joseph C.

doi:10.1023/a:1007718618005

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…106 And in cases where the level of fines is too low, they will provide less deterrence since the deterrent effect of a fine is strongly influenced by a company's ability to cope with the penalty. 107 Besides these problems in assessing an appropriate level for fines, the imposition of 'optimal' fines may violate the statutory ceiling of the maximal level of fines that can legally be imposed in jurisdictions where such a cap exists. 108 1/2003, 109 for example, states that for each cartelist, 'the fine shall not exceed 10% of its total turnover in the preceding business year.'…”

Section: Deficits Of Imposing Monetary Sanctions Onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprisonment for Hard Core Cartel Participation: A Sanction with Considerable Potential

Wirz¹

2016

Bond Law Review

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To deter hard core cartel activity, the sanctions imposed on cartelists must produce sufficient disutility to outweigh what the cartelists expect to gain from cartel participation. Traditionally, monetary sanctions against undertakings have been the primary countermeasure against cartel violations. However, considering the limitations of financial penalties, increasing attention has been given to the use of non-monetary measures against corporations as well as individuals. This article contends that custodial sentences are the ideal sanction for countering cartels. The article argues that the threat of imprisonment is the most effective tool in combating anti-competitive practices. It is furthermore acknowledged that certain conditions must be fulfilled within an anti-cartel law enforcement regime in order for the sanction of incarceration to work effectively.

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Section: Deficits Of Imposing Monetary Sanctions Onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprisonment for Hard Core Cartel Participation: A Sanction with Considerable Potential

Wirz¹

2016

Bond Law Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Su forma más característica son los "carteles duros" (hardcore cartels) consistentes en el acuerdo entre competidores para fijar los precios, limitar la producción o repartirse mercados o cuotas de participación en éstos. Actuando conjuntamente, los miembros de un cartel pueden llegar a generar resultados muy cercanos a los de una industria monopólica, no sólo incrementando sus propios beneficios, sino generando al mismo tiempo un daño social sistémico (Crycraft et al, 1997;Furse y Nash, 2004, p. 27;Lamed et al, 2018, p. 119).…”

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