“…Pedagogical agents are animated virtual characters that play human instructional roles in an educational environment (Saadatzi et al, 2017;Vicneas and Zamzuri, 2020). Hence, pedagogical agents reside within the digital space of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to facilitate students' engagement in the learning process (Hong, Chen and Lan, 2014;Liew, Zin and Sahari, 2017;Vicneas, Zamzuri and Kaliyamah, 2018). In recent years, pedagogical agents have been gaining influence in education as a tool to enhance teaching and learning processes (Veletsianos, 2010;Vicneas and Zamzuri, 2020).…”