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Abstract

The Black Sea ecosystem has three main sources of nutrient pollution: coastal, riverine and atmospheric inputs. Anthropogenically produced N transported to the coastal and open sea zones is closely connected with excess of nutrients supply that can result at acidification, eutrophication, excessive oxygen consumption and hypoxia. The aim of our work was to estimate the quantities and tendencies of atmospheric wet and dry depositions of nutrients (N and P) of different origin to the Zmiinyi Island surface during 2004 -2010. Our study has confirmed previous findings that there was practically no N and P emission over the open sea and the main source of transportation (91-99% of NH ). Important direction was the study of organic N in bulk deposition, which exceeds mineral N part about 1.6 times.

Controls of Multiple Stressors on the Black Sea Fishery

“…The additional nutrient inputs from the atmospheric wet and dry depositions are not known precisely, but the estimated atmospheric DIN and DIP loads of 32.5 ktons yr −1 and 2.1 ktons yr −1 , respectively, are much smaller than the corresponding riverine loads over the annual time scale (Medinets and Medinets, 2012). Nevertheless, episodic high deposition events into nutrient depleted surface waters during late spring-summer may occasionally prevail over the basin.…”

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“…Monthly bulk depositions were calculated as a sum of 2 fortnightly or as single monthly deposition, accurately recalculated into appropriate calendar month period. The basic methods applied during this study for N compounds determination has been previously described by Medinets and Medinets (2012) P<0.05) with rain water amount), rather than WSON constituent, which showed no statistically significant correlation with precipitation. Inasmuch as WITN (presumably presented by PON) had also no significant correlation with precipitation as well as WSON, it seems to be suggested that dry deposition can be important process for organic constituents scavenging from atmosphere.…”

“…These studies were based on standard methods and recommendations from the EMEP manual (EMEP, 2001). Passive bulk deposition sampler, recommended by the EMEP (EMEP, 2001), was used (Medinets and Medinets, 2012) to collect atmospheric bulk deposition. As a collector for aerosol particles we used the special hermetic bag, previously washed by de-ionised water (DI-H2O), exposed during a fortnight or a month.…”

“…Previously estimated N budgets for the offshore (Gregoire and Lacroix, 2002;McCarthy et al, 2007), the north-western part (Gregoire and Friedrich, 2004;Gregoire and Beckers, 2004) and the whole area (Teodoru et al, 2007) of the Black Sea were underestimated at least related to atmospheric load and did not often consider relevant processes (e.g., N2 fixation rate, dumping, shipping, gaseous emission (NH3, N2O, organic N), chemodenitrification). Further complex investigations with modern approaches are urgently needed to reconsider N budget in each concrete marine ecosystem, since atmospheric input has been increasing significantly in past decades and nowadays is the dominant source of Nr for open sea regions (Medinets and Medinets, 2012;Moore et al, 2013). Thus, for instance, peculiarities of N exchange in the Black Sea demand study due to periodical eutrophication events, which occur on huge areas Medinets and Medinets, 2012;Moore et al, 2013).…”

“…Further complex investigations with modern approaches are urgently needed to reconsider N budget in each concrete marine ecosystem, since atmospheric input has been increasing significantly in past decades and nowadays is the dominant source of Nr for open sea regions (Medinets and Medinets, 2012;Moore et al, 2013). Thus, for instance, peculiarities of N exchange in the Black Sea demand study due to periodical eutrophication events, which occur on huge areas Medinets and Medinets, 2012;Moore et al, 2013). The driver of such harmful occurrences is likely the excess of atmospheric deposited N, which could be presented by both organic and inorganic forms.…”