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Külling, D. R.; Menzi, H.; Sutter, F.; Lischer, P.; Kreuzer, Michael

doi:10.1023/a:1021857122265

Cited by 95 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, particularly manures including digestates with a high initial N fertilizer value loose a great part of this advantage through gaseous N losses during storage (Külling et al 2003;Paul et al 1998). Furthermore, anaerobic digestion affects manure pH, and the transformation and loss of ammonia are very sensitive to the pH value: Relatively low loss occurs below a pH of 6, and very high loss occurs when the pH exceeds 8 (Muck and Steenhuis 1982), pH values often also found in digestates.…”

Section: Effects Of Anaerobic Digestion On Digestate Organic Matter Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

Möller¹

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

240

139

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Sustainability in agriculture means the inclusion of several aspects, as sustainable agriculture systems must not compromise not only their ability to satisfy future needs by undermining soil fertility and the natural resource base but also sustainable agriculture has had to address a range of other issues including energy use, efficient use, and recycling of nutrients, the effects on adjacent ecosystems including the effects on water bodies and climate change. Organic manures are an important factor to keep the soil fertility level of soils. However, their management is often related to large emissions. In this context, anaerobic digestion is-similarly to composting-a treatment option for stabilization of biogenic wastes leading to a residual product called digestates, enabling the sanitation and the recycling and use as fertilizer. It is also a means to obtain energy from wastes as well as from dedicated energy crops. Therefore, anaerobic digestion potentially addresses several aspects of agricultural sustainability. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the effects of anaerobic digestion on organic compounds in digestates and the most important processes influencing N emissions in the field, as well as the possible longterm effects on soil microbial biomass and soil fertility. The main findings are that (1) the direct effects of anaerobic digestion on long-term sustainability in terms of soil fertility and environmental impact at the field level are of minor relevance. (2) The most relevant effects of anaerobic digestion on soil fertility as well as on N emissions will be expected from indirect effects related to cropping system changes such as changes in crop rotation, crop acreage, cover cropping, and total amounts of organic manures including digestates. Furthermore, (3) the remaining organic fraction after anaerobic digestion is much more recalcitrant than the input feedstocks leading to a stabilization of the organic matter and a lower organic matter degradation rate after field application, enabling a similar reproduction of the soil organic matter as obtained by direct application of the feedstock or by composting of the feedstock. (4) Regarding emissions, the main direct effect of anaerobic digestion on a farm level is the influence on gaseous emissions during manure or digestate treatment and handling, whereas the direct effects of anaerobic digestion on a field level on emissions (NH 3 − and N 2 O − emissions, NO 3 -leaching) are negligible or at least ambiguous. (5) The main direct effects of anaerobic digestion on the field level are short-term effects on soil microbial activity and changes in the soil microbial community. Therefore, in terms of the effects on agricultural sustainability, potential cropping system-based changes induced by introduction of biogas plants are probably much more relevant for the overall performance and sustainability of the cropping system than the direct effects triggered by application of digestates in comparison to the undigested feedstock...

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Section: Effects Of Anaerobic Digestion On Digestate Organic Matter Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In manure stores, substantial amounts of N can be emitted as N 2 O (Hansen et al 2006;Külling et al 2003;Massé et al 2011;Wang et al 2014). Due to the low oxygen partial pressure in liquid slurry stores with a gas-tight cover, N 2 O emissions are negligible since oxygen is a prerequisite for N 2 O formation.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

Möller¹

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

240

139

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“…Input values used to calculate emissions from the largest 'manure management' greenhouse gas sources in Australia and New Zealand B 0 = biochemical methane potential, MCF = methane conversion factor, VS = volatile solids. References: (1) = New Zealand , (2) = Chung et al (2013), (3) = IPCC (2006), (4) Ledgard and Brier (2004), (5) = Australian , (6) = Külling et al (2003), (7) 3,5,9,10,11,12) 0.01 (3,5,9,10,11,12) (P) Global warming potential CH 4 21 (3)…”

Section: Ghg Emissions From Dairy Cattle 'Manure Management'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But are the emission factors which are used to calculate this estimate accurate? The direct N 2 O emission factor (0.02 kg N 2 O/kg N excreted) represents the average outcome from complex biological mechanisms depending on ecological and environmental conditions, and was derived from IPCC expert judgement and research by Külling et al (2003). Külling et al's (2003) study was conducted in Switzerland using dairy rather than beef cattle manure.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…comm., 2013). Manure on feedlot surfaces is often cracked and moisture content varies considerably from the surface to the base, in contrast with the manure assessed by Külling et al (2003), which was a wet slurry. In short, the vastly differing conditions of Külling et al's (2003) study compared with beef feedlots in Australia raise serious questions concerning the use of the northern hemisphere default factors in the Australian GHG Inventory.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Good science for improving policy: greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural manures

Pratt¹,

Redding²,

Hill³

et al. 2015

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Australia's and New Zealand's major agricultural manure management emission sources are reported to be, in descending order of magnitude: (1) methane (CH 4 ) from dairy farms in both countries; (2) CH 4 from pig farms in Australia; and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from (3) beef feedlots and (4) poultry sheds in Australia. We used literature to critically review these inventory estimates. Alarmingly for dairy farm CH 4 (1), our review revealed assumptions and omissions that when addressed could dramatically increase this emission estimate. The estimate of CH 4 from Australian pig farms (2) appears to be accurate, according to industry data and field measurements. The N 2 O emission estimates for beef feedlots (3) and poultry sheds (4) are based on northern hemisphere default factors whose appropriateness for Australia is questionable and unverified. Therefore, most of Australasia's key livestock manure management greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles are either questionable or are unsubstantiated by region-specific research. Encouragingly, GHG from dairy shed manure are relatively easy to mitigate because they are a point source which can be managed by several 'close-to-market' abatement solutions. Reducing these manure emissions therefore constitutes an opportunity for meaningful action sooner compared with the more difficult-to-implement and long-term strategies that currently dominate agricultural GHG mitigation research. At an international level, our review highlights the critical need to carefully reassess GHG emission profiles, particularly if such assessments have not been made since the compilation of original inventories. Failure to act in this regard presents the very real risk of missing the 'low hanging fruit' in the rush towards a meaningful response to climate change.

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Manure Organic Matter – Characteristics and Microbial Transformations

Jensen

Sommer

2013

Animal Manure Recycling

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Untitled

Cited by 95 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

Effects of anaerobic digestion on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, N emissions, and soil biological activity. A review

Good science for improving policy: greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural manures

Manure Organic Matter – Characteristics and Microbial Transformations

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