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Wisheart, M.; Richardson, Mervyn

doi:10.1023/a:1004564516181

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These are stiff and lighter reinforcements (density 1.5 g/cm 3 ) compared to glass fibres (density 2.5 g/cm 3 ), having a better strength to weight ratio to glass fibres. This specific advantageous property favours the use of these lightweight reinforcements to manufacture sustainable composites suitable for transport sector [1,4]. Additionally, the natural fibres offer better environmental sustainability, recyclability, biodegradability and renewability [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Paturel

Dhakal

2020

Molecules

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Due to rigorous new environmental legislations, automotive, marine, aerospace, and construction sectors have redirected their focus into using more recyclable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly lightweight materials driven by strengthening resource efficiency drive. In this study, the influence of moisture absorption on flax and flax/glass hybrid laminates is presented with the aim to investigating their low velocity impact behaviour. Three different types of composite laminates namely, flax fibre reinforced vinyl ester, flax fibre hybridised glass fibre and glass fibre reinforced vinyl ester composites were fabricated using resin infusion technique. The moisture immersion tests were undertaken by immersing the different specimens in sea water bath at room temperature and 70 °C at different time durations. The low velocity falling weight impact testing was performed at 25 Joules of incident energy level and impact damage behaviour was evaluated at both ageing conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro CT). The percentage of moisture uptake was decreased for flax vinyl ester specimens with glass fibre hybridisation. The maximum percentage of weight gain for flax fibre, flax/glass hybrid and glass fibre reinforced composites immersed at room temperature for 696 h is recorded at 3.97%, 1.93%, and 0.431%, respectively. The hybrid composite exhibited higher load and energy when compared flax/vinyl ester composite without hybridisation, indicating the hybrid system as a valid strategy towards achieving improved structural performance of natural fibre composites. The moisture absorption behaviour of these composites at room was observed to follow Fickian behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Paturel

Dhakal

2020

Molecules

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“…Delamination could be detected by the signal amplitude. In 1999, Wisheart et al [21] used an ultrasonic C-scan method to detect transverse cracks with a length of 6 mm and delamination in pultruded glass polyester laminated composites due to low-velocity impact damage. Aymerich et al [22] used an ultrasonic C-scan method to detect the impact damage of polyether-etherketone (PEEK) laminates with a thickness of 2.2 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Method to Detect Internal Defects in Epoxy Composite Insulation

et al. 2019

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Voids or cracks in basin insulators inside a GIS (gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear) could trigger partial discharges or surface flashover under electrical stresses, threatening safe GIS operation. For this paper, some epoxy composite specimens were made from similar materials and manufacturing processes to make 252 kV GIS basin insulators. Some voids with different diameters or cracks with different diameters and orientations were artificially made in the specimens with different thicknesses. An ultrasonic pulse-echo system was set up, and ultrasonic tests were carried out on the specimens with voids or cracks. A method to calculate the depth of a defect was proposed by the propagation time of defect reflected waves. The results showed that a depth of 50 mm, a diameter φ of 2 mm void, and a diameter φ of 1 mm crack in epoxy composite insulation were detected by the ultrasonic system using a 1 MHz transducer.

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“…A review carried out by Cantwell and Morton [16] has reported the various impact-induced failure modes of composite laminates. Wisheart and Richardson [17] investigated the impact damage response of complex geometry pultruded glass/polyester composites.During the past two decades, there have been many reported works, especially those covering the mechanical and thermal properties of natural bast fibre-reinforced composites. This highlights the significant increase in the demand for these fibres.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Falling Weight Impact Damage Characterisation of Flax and Flax Basalt Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

et al. 2020

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Understanding the damage mechanisms of composite materials requires detailed mapping of the failure behaviour using reliable techniques. This research focuses on an evaluation of the low-velocity falling weight impact damage behaviour of flax-basalt/vinyl ester (VE) hybrid composites. Incident impact energies under three different energy levels (50, 60, and 70 Joules) were employed to cause complete perforation in order to characterise different impact damage parameters, such as energy absorption characteristics, and damage modes and mechanisms. In addition, the water absorption behaviour of flax and flax basalt hybrid composites and its effects on the impact damage performance were also investigated. All the samples subjected to different incident energies were characterised using non-destructive techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed micro-tomography (πCT), to assess the damage mechanisms of studied flax/VE and flax/basalt/VE hybrid composites. The experimental results showed that the basalt hybrid system had a high impact energy and peak load compared to the flax/VE composite without hybridisation, indicating that a hybrid approach is a promising strategy for enhancing the toughness properties of natural fibre composites. The πCT and SEM images revealed that the failure modes observed for flax and flax basalt hybrid composites were a combination of matrix cracking, delamination, fibre breakage, and fibre pull out.Polymers 2020, 12, 806 2 of 18 Among the natural fibres used in polymeric composites, bast fibres (flax, hemp, jute, and kenaf) stand out as the most promising reinforcements [9,10]. Due to their unique hollow structure, these fibres provide a good damping property, which is very important when it comes to dealing with impact damage and vibration damping behaviours. The good damping properties of bast fibre-reinforced composites make them an attractive alternative to be used in automotive components where impact and damping properties are very important [11,12]. However, their high natural variability, strong affinity to water until saturation, limited processing temperature range, relatively low impact resistance, and low thermal stability negatively influence their long-term durability [13,14]. Moreover, their low impact resistance behaviour under different operation conditions is another concern when these materials are used in automotive and marine sectors.Mitrevski et al.[15] studied the influence of impactor shape on the impact damage of composite laminates. The results demonstrated that the impactor shape plays a large role in the damage response of composite materials. Composite laminates undergo various impact-induced damage modes under impact loadings. A review carried out by Cantwell and Morton [16] has reported the various impact-induced failure modes of composite laminates. Wisheart and Richardson [17] investigated the impact damage response of complex geometry pultruded glass/polyester composites.During the past two decades, there have been many reporte...

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Untitled

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

An Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Method to Detect Internal Defects in Epoxy Composite Insulation

Falling Weight Impact Damage Characterisation of Flax and Flax Basalt Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

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