The possible effect of filtered cultures of flagellate Ochromonas sp. on colony formation in M. aeruginosa was investigated in this paper. The results show that filtered cultures of flagellates fed with M. aeruginosa could induce colony formation in M. aeruginosa. Furthermore, induction strength is clearly dependent on the concentration of flagellates and filtered cultures. However, no colonial M. aeruginosa was found in the treatments of filtered cultures of flagellates fed with Microcystis wesenbergii, filtered cultures of flagellate fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and algae homogenates. This suggests that infochemicals released from flagellates fed with M. aeruginosa may be a trigger for colony formation in M. aeruginosa. The clearance rates of flagellates on algae were markedly decreased when they were cultivated with induced colonial M.aeruginosa. These indicate that colony formation in M. aeruginosa is a predator-induced defense which could reduce predation risk from flagellates.
IntroductionIn aquatic systems, information transfer through chemicals between prey and predator has gained great attention (LARSSON and DODSON. 1993). It has been reported that some predators such as carnivorous zooplankton, planktivorous fish and invertebrates would exude infochemicals to evoke behavioural or physiological defenses reaction from zooplanktons (GIL- BERT, 1966;LOOSE et al., 1993;TOLLRIAN, 1994TOLLRIAN, , 1995. This enables planktonic organisms to exhibit predator-specific responses that reduce predation risk (LASS and SPAAK, 2003).Morphological anti-predator reactions of algae have also been studied for decades; however, studies have been focused mainly on the response of green algae Scenedesmus sp. to zooplankton ( VAN HOLTHOON et al., 2003). Scenedesmus sp. is commonly observed as colony in the field; however, in axenic cultures without grazing pressure, it often fails to form colonies and remains unicellular. The bigger surface-to-volume ratios of unicellular algae could increase their nutrient uptake and light absorbency per surface area as a result 144 Z. YANG et al.