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Röder, W.; Maniphone, S.; Keoboulapha, B.

doi:10.1023/a:1005918316157

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…From a fallow improvement standpoint, our results suggest that paper mulberry does not improve rice productivity, but maintains it at current levels if the paper mulberry is managed properly during the rice growing season. These results are similar to others showing no improvement over a bush fallow of legume tree fallows (Leucaena and pigeon pea) in northern Laos (Roder and Maniphone 1998;Roder et al 1998;Saito et al 2008). A review article on planted tree fallows in West Africa also reported that in 60% of cases, crop yields following tree-based fallows were not different from those of the control (Hauser et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, as discussed earlier a two-year natural weedy fallow has not been shown to sustain yields in these upland rice systems. There was a trend for rice yield to decline with shortened paper mulberry cultivation period, consistent with the findings of others (Roder and Maniphone 1998;Roder et al 1998;Saito et al 2006Saito et al , 2008 so longer fallows may be required to grow paper mulberry between rice crops. We did not address the long-term sustainability of this system in this research; however, if only the inner bark of the tree is removed from the system, a very small amount of nutrients will be removed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry): its growth, yield and potential as a fallow crop in slash-and-burn upland rice system of northern Laos

Saito

Keobualapha²,

Shiraiwa

et al. 2009

Agroforest Syst

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In northern Laos, shortened fallows in the slash-and-burn upland rice system are not sustainable either from a production or economic standpoint. This paper evaluates the potential for using the indigenous fast-growing tree, Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent. (paper mulberry) as an economic fallow crop. The objectives of this study are to assess the inner bark yield of paper mulberry, and to evaluate rice productivity following paper mulberry cultivation. In addition, allometric models for estimating the inner bark yield of paper mulberry are developed. Inner bark yield of paper mulberry stands ranging in age from 9 to 48 months ranged from 10 to 208 g m -2 , and increased with age. The models using diameter at breast height and stem height, or diameter at breast height only as independent variables explained well the variation in inner bark yield. When paper mulberry was completely removed during the rice growing season, rice yields in these areas were similar to those following weedy bush fallow. When paper mulberry was allowed to grow, rice yields were negatively correlated to paper mulberry stem density. When paper mulberry lateral branches were pruned back, rice yields could be maintained if the paper mulberry stem density was\0.22 stems m -2 , suggesting that if paper mulberry is managed properly, rice yields can be maintained at current levels. The paper mulberryupland rice rotation system improves the productivity of a traditional slash-and-burn system through harvesting paper mulberry inner bark; however the longterm sustainability of such a system remains unclear and warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry): its growth, yield and potential as a fallow crop in slash-and-burn upland rice system of northern Laos

Saito

Keobualapha²,

Shiraiwa

et al. 2009

Agroforest Syst

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Planted legume fallows reduce weeds and increase soil N and P contents but not upland rice yields

Saito

Johnson

Phengchanh³

et al. 2008

Agroforest Syst

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Shortened fallows have resulted in declining upland rice yields in slash-and-burn upland rice systems in northern Laos. We studied the benefit of planted legume fallows for rice productivity, weeds, and soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Four systems were evaluated over a 5-year period: 1-year fallow with native species, 1-year Cajanus cajan fallow, 1-year Leucaena leucocephala fallow, and continuous annual rice cropping. Rice was grown either once each year as continuous annual cropping or in alternate years of 2001, 2003, and 2005. C. cajan and L. leucocephala were sown with rice during the 2001 growing season. In subsequent years, L. leucocephala regenerated from root stock and did not have to be resown, whereas C. cajan was resown in 2003. Establishment of either C. cajan or L. leucocephala had no significant effect on rice yield in 2001, and rice yields ranged from 2.0 to 2.3 t/ha. Rice yields declined rapidly in succeeding years, and rice yields in the four systems ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 t/ha in 2003 and from 0.3 to 0.5 t/ha in 2005. Although two planted fallow systems increased nitrogen input because of greater biomass accumulation in 2003 and 2005 and soil phosphorus availability was higher following L. leucocephala fallow in 2005, there were no significant differences in rice yields among the four systems in either year. Weed biomass during the rice growing season increased each year in all systems and increased more rapidly for continuous annual rice cropping, in which the dominant weed species was Ageratum conyzoides L. Among the other three systems, there were no significant differences in the weed biomass in 2003 and 2005. We conclude that C. cajan and L. leucocephala as 1-year fallows do not offset the negative effects of increased cropping intensity on rice yield in this region.

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Hybrid improved tree fallows: harnessing invasive woody legumes for agroforestry

2012

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For several decades, agroforestry specialists have promoted the planting of fallow fields with nitrogen-fixing, fast-growing trees or shrubs to accelerate soil rehabilitation and provide secondary products like woodfuel. Yet, such 'improved fallows' have not been widely adopted, in part due to the costs of labour and seedlings. In some situations, however, farmers have developed novel approaches to agroforestry fallows by taking advantage of spontaneous invasions of woody leguminous tree species present in the vicinity of their fields. In this paper, we examine cases from Réunion, highland Madagascar, the Bateke plateau in Congo, and the Palni hills of southern India where farmers have adapted their cultivation practices to take advantage of the invasive characteristics of Australian acacias that were introduced earlier for other reasons. We focus on the key social, economic, and environmental factors that influence farmers in these places to gain opportunistic benefit from these introduced tree species that biologists have been deemed invasive and damaging to local ecosystems and biodiversity. We conclude that opportunistic fallowing of invasives can be viewed as a hybrid strategy combining elements of natural fallows and improved fallows-which we call 'hybrid improved fallows'-in that it takes advantage of the 'weedy' characteristics of introduced leguminous tree species in the landscape and offers a cost-effective and pragmatic strategy for soil and vegetation management for farmers.

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Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry): its growth, yield and potential as a fallow crop in slash-and-burn upland rice system of northern Laos

Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry): its growth, yield and potential as a fallow crop in slash-and-burn upland rice system of northern Laos

Planted legume fallows reduce weeds and increase soil N and P contents but not upland rice yields

Hybrid improved tree fallows: harnessing invasive woody legumes for agroforestry

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