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Donnelly, Patrick G.; Majka, Theo J.

doi:10.1023/a:1022192431879

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…If these latter IPCC projections are correct, the rate of global SLR may be close to 5 mm/year by 2100. With the addition of between 0.5 and 1 mm/year of subsidence resulting from glacio-isostatic adjustment (25)(26)(27), SLR rates in southern New England may be over 6 mm/year by 2100. For coastal wetlands to continue to survive, surface elevation must increase at rates equal to or greater than long-term rates of SLR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise

Donnelly

Bertness

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

312

207

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The distribution of New England salt marsh communities is intrinsically linked to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of tidal inundation. Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) exclusively inhabits the frequently flooded lower elevations, whereas a mosaic of marsh hay (Spartina patens), spike grass (Distichlis spicata), and black rush (Juncus gerardi) typically dominate higher elevations. Monitoring plant zonal boundaries in two New England salt marshes revealed that low-marsh cordgrass rapidly moved landward at the expense of higher-marsh species between 1995 and 1998. Plant macrofossils from sediment cores across modern plant community boundaries provided a 2,500-year record of marsh community composition and documented the migration of cordgrass into the high marsh. Isotopic dating revealed that the initiation of cordgrass migration occurred in the late 19th century and continued through the 20th century. The timing of the initiation of cordgrass migration is coincident with an acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise recorded by the New York tide gauge. These results suggest that increased flooding associated with accelerating rates of sea-level rise has stressed high-marsh communities and promoted landward migration of cordgrass. If current rates of sea-level rise continue or increase slightly over the next century, New England salt marshes will be dominated by cordgrass. If climate warming causes sea-level rise rates to increase significantly over the next century, these cordgrass-dominated marshes will likely drown, resulting in extensive losses of coastal wetlands. R ecent studies indicate that both climate warming (1, 2) and increases in the rate of sea-level rise (SLR) in New England (3) over the last 150 years are unprecedented in at least the last 1,000 years. The possibility that emission of greenhouse gases is influencing and will continue to influence global climate and potentially SLR has prompted considerable research into the possible implications for plant and animal communities (4). The distribution of salt-marsh communities is mechanistically linked to the duration of tidal inundation. As a result, coastal wetlands may be particularly sensitive to changes in sea level (5). Wetland loss has been documented in areas of the Mississippi River Delta (6) and Chesapeake Bay (7), where rates of local SLR exceed marsh accretion.In New England salt marshes, cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) exclusively dominates daily f looded low-marsh elevations, whereas a mosaic of marsh hay (Spartina patens), spike grass (Distichlis spicata), and black rush (Juncus gerardi) dominates higher marsh elevations (8). Lower species borders are controlled by physical stress tolerance to flooding and soil anoxia, whereas upper species borders are controlled by interspecific plant competition (9, 10). Marsh hay and spike grass are excluded from the low marsh by low substrate oxygen levels. The ability of cordgrass to oxygenate substrates (11) allows this species to dominate frequently flooded lower-marsh elevations, where...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise

Donnelly

Bertness

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

312

207

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Concentrated disadvantage in urban neighborhoods: psychopolitical validity as a framework for developing psychology‐related solutions

Nation

2008

Journal Community Psychology

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Psychology and community psychologists have been only peripherally involved in studying the sociopolitical factors including power differentials and resource inequities that are at the heart of the connection the between neighborhood conditions and individual wellbeing. In this article, the author describes how the concept of psychopolitical validity provides community psychologists a framework for reconceptualizing the research on the effects of low-income neighborhoods on well-being. Specific elements of this framework include (a) analyzing the role of power in societal conceptions of social problems and targets of intervention, (b) posing research questions that illuminate the connection between individual and neighborhood well-being, and (c) developing and implementing a range of techniques that both ameliorate an individual's symptoms and transform the neighborhood context.

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Increasing students' perceived sociopolitical empowerment through online and face‐to‐face community psychology seminars

Francescato

Solimeno

Mebane

et al. 2009

Journal Community Psychology

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Community psychology theorists underline the importance of promoting sociopolitical empowerment, but few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of the efficacy of empowering programs among university students. The authors report two studies: the first, with 216 psychology majors, compared the efficacy of face-to-face and online community psychology seminars in promoting perceived sociopolitical empowerment and self efficacy. The second, with 170 psychology majors, explored if differences in teachers experiences affected students sociopolitical empowerment. Results of ANOVA, on measures of empowerment and self-efficacy, indicate that learning community psychology principles and a community analysis skill did increase sociopolitical empowerment and efficacies in all studies, both in online and face-to-face settings, regardless of teachers' experience. Implications for promoting active citizenship and attracting more students to community psychology programs are discussed. C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Untitled

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise

Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise

Concentrated disadvantage in urban neighborhoods: psychopolitical validity as a framework for developing psychology‐related solutions

Increasing students' perceived sociopolitical empowerment through online and face‐to‐face community psychology seminars

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