Polyurethane (PU) production with the use of vegetable oils is greatly appreciated by researchers due to their low cost, easy availability, and nontoxic nature. The addition of TiO 2 in castor oil-based PU adhesive led to a remarkable enhancement in its mechanical and chemical resistance, an increase in T g value, and the adhesion. TGA analysis was done to study the thermal stability of prepared adhesive. The adhesive was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Influence of various factors such as the NCO/OH molar ratio, hydroxyl value of polyols, and the amount of filler on the properties of adhesive were studied in detail. The adhesive with a mole ratio of NCO/OH equaling to 1.2, filled with 3 wt% TiO 2 , was found to be much better than the commercial adhesive used for bonding wood, when tested for single lap shear strength in various environmental conditions. C