“…In the XPS analysis of SC-CP-G (Figure d), the N 1s spectrum exhibits two resonances, located at 398.4 and 399.9 eV, representing the pyridinic group and substitutional graphite group, respectively. ,, Correspondingly, the N 1s spectrum of SC-PAN-GO (Figure S4a) shows only one peak at 399.0 eV, which is denoted as the cyanic group. , Figure e and Figure S4b show the infrared spectra of SC-CP-G and SC-PAN-GO, respectively. Before heat treatment, SC-PAN-GO contains many kinds of chemical bonds and functional groups, such as CN, CO, COH, −CH 2 , , CH, , COC, , and CO . Afterward, the SC-PAN-GO undergoes a series of structural transformations and takes off some small molecules in the subsequent reactions.…”