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Morphological differentiation among species of the genus Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 (Mugilidae) from Côte d’Ivoire

“…X-ray emission spectra are influenced by the chemical combination of x-ray emitting atoms with different ligands. In the earlier studies by this group we investigated chemical effects on K-shell fluorescence yields [10,11].…”

FLUKA Simulations of Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios of Copper in Ag–Cu Alloys

“…The values of Kβ/Kα intensity ratios are used for estimation the vacancy transfer probability (e.g., transfer of hole from K shell to L shell [5][6][7])) and Kα and Kβ X-ray production cross-sections [8][9][10][11]. In experiments the excitation mediums were mainly radioisotopes: 241 Am [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28],…”

Measurement of vacancy transfer probability from K to L shell using K-shell fluorescence yields

“…However, knowledge of average vacancy distribution is also important for the study of processes such as nuclear electron capture, interval conversion of γ-rays, photoelectric effect and generally, whenever primary vacancies produced in the shell must be distinguished from multiple ionization due to the decay of inner vacancy [1]. The K X-ray production cross-sections and fluorescence yields were measured experimentally [2][3][4]. Puri et al [5,6] have measured K to L shell and L to M shell vacancy transfer probabilities for elements in the atomic range 37 ≤ Z ≤ 42 and 18 ≤ Z ≤ 96, respectively.…”

“…K-shell fluorescence yields, mean L-shell fluorescence yields, ratios of X-ray emission probabilities and ratios of emission probabilities of Auger electrons were collected from the literature and evaluated by Schönfeld and JanBen [7]. The variation of the chemical effect of K-shell fluorescence yield and K β /K α X-ray intensity ratios were studied in refs [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The K-shell fluorescence yield is also defined as the probability that one K hole is filled through by radiative electron transition and is equal to the ratio of the X-ray emission rate to the total decay:…”