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Hellier, A.; Newton, Adrian C.; Gaona, Susana Ochoa

doi:10.1023/a:1008862005556

Cited by 81 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many researchers, including ourselves, have noted the environmental trends recognized by local people without necessarily considering the function, scope, and operational details of how this recognition is achieved (e.g., Hellier et al 1999, Lund et al 2010, Basuki et al 2011, Boissière et al 2013, Danielsen et al 2014a, 2014b. Active oversight is implicit in work on traditional resource management (Berkes et al 1998) and in the context of collaborative or participatory monitoring ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots

Sheil¹,

Boissière²,

Beaudoin³

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Although official on-the-ground environmental monitoring is absent over much of the world, many people living in these regions observe, manage, and protect their environment. The autonomous monitoring processes associated with these activities are seldom documented and appear poorly recognized by conservation professionals. We identified monitoring activities in three villages in the Mamberamo-Foja region (Mamberamo Regency) of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea). In each village we found evidence that local monitoring contributes to effective protection and deters unregulated exploitation. Although everyone gathers observations and shares information, there are also specific roles. For example, the Ijabait hereditary guardians live at strategic sites where they control access to resource-rich lakes and tributaries along the Tariku River. Often, monitoring is combined with and thus influences other activities: for example, hunting regularly includes areas judged vulnerable to incursions by neighboring communities. We identified various examples of community members intervening to prevent and deter outsiders from exploiting resources within their territories. Enforcement of rules and assessment of resource status also help prevent local overexploitation within the communities. Clearly, local people are effective in protecting large areas in a relatively natural state. We discuss the value of these autonomous monitoring and protection processes, their neglect, and the need for explicit recognition by those concerned about these people and their environments, as well as about conservation. We highlight a potential "tragedy of the unseen sentinels" when effective local protection is undermined not because these local systems are invisible, but because no one recognizes what they see.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots

Sheil¹,

Boissière²,

Beaudoin³

2015

E&S

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“…Linguists use the variety of parlances to understand language as a human phenomenon; every single tongue gives them additional insight [7]. Traditional ecological knowledge, often used in biodiversity conservation efforts [12][13][14][15], is imperilled if languages are lost [16,17]. The rapid rate of language loss coupled with limited resources for preservation indicates that formal prioritization schemes may be useful tools to maximizing the retention of linguistic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongues on the EDGE: language preservation priorities based on threat and lexical distinctiveness

2017

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Languages are being lost at rates exceeding the global loss of biodiversity. With the extinction of a language we lose irreplaceable dimensions of culture and the insight it provides on human history and the evolution of linguistic diversity. When setting conservation goals, biologists give higher priority to species likely to go extinct. Recent methods now integrate information on species evolutionary relationships to prioritize the conservation of those with a few close relatives. Advances in the construction of language trees allow us to use these methods to develop language preservation priorities that minimize loss of linguistic diversity. The evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) metric, used in conservation biology, accounts for a species’ originality (evolutionary distinctiveness—ED) and its likelihood of extinction (global endangerment—GE). Here, we use a similar framework to inform priorities for language preservation by generating rankings for 350 Austronesian languages. Kavalan, Tanibili, Waropen and Sengseng obtained the highest EDGE scores, while Xârâcùù (Canala), Nengone and Palauan are among the most linguistically distinct, but are not currently threatened. We further provide a way of dealing with incomplete trees, a common issue for both species and language trees.

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“…Influenced by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992 [3], such comparisons between methods have occurred since the 1990s [4,5]. Because conservation is, according to Diegues [6], “the management of human use of organisms and ecosystems, to ensure the sustainability of such use,” it would be desirable to incorporate ethnobotanical methods, along with their comparison, into the process of the rapid assessment of plants to clarify which methods are the timeliest and most accurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because conservation is, according to Diegues [6], “the management of human use of organisms and ecosystems, to ensure the sustainability of such use,” it would be desirable to incorporate ethnobotanical methods, along with their comparison, into the process of the rapid assessment of plants to clarify which methods are the timeliest and most accurate. Therefore, researchers have compared ethnobotanical methods for inventorying plant species and information regarding vegetation [5,7] that recorded the uses of local vegetation and species, which can lead to more accurate recommendations for their conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating different methods used in ethnobotanical and ecological studies to record plant biodiversity

Silva

Caraciolo

Marangon

et al. 2014

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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BackgroundThis study compares the efficiency of identifying the plants in an area of semi-arid Northeast Brazil by methods that a) access the local knowledge used in ethnobotanical studies using semi-structured interviews conducted within the entire community, an inventory interview conducted with two participants using the previously collected vegetation inventory, and a participatory workshop presenting exsiccates and photographs to 32 people and b) inventory the vegetation (phytosociology) in locations with different histories of disturbance using rectangular plots and quadrant points.MethodsThe proportion of species identified using each method was then compared with Cochran’s Q test. We calculated the use value (UV) of each species using semi-structured interviews; this quantitative index was correlated against values of the vegetation’s structural importance obtained from the sample plot method and point-centered quarter method applied in two areas with different historical usage. The analysis sought to correlate the relative importance of plants to the local community (use value - UV) with the ecological importance of the plants in the vegetation structure (importance value - IV; relative density - RD) by using different sampling methods to analyze the two areas.ResultsWith regard to the methods used for accessing the local knowledge, a difference was observed among the ethnobotanical methods of surveying species (Q = 13.37, df = 2, p = 0.0013): 44 species were identified in the inventory interview, 38 in the participatory workshop and 33 in the semi-structured interviews with the community. There was either no correlation between the UV, relative density (RD) and importance value (IV) of some species, or this correlation was negative.ConclusionIt was concluded that the inventory interview was the most efficient method for recording species and their uses, as it allowed more plants to be identified in their original environment. To optimize researchers’ time in future studies, the use of the point-centered quarter method rather than the sample plot method is recommended.

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Cited by 81 publications

References 13 publications

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots

Tongues on the EDGE: language preservation priorities based on threat and lexical distinctiveness

Evaluating different methods used in ethnobotanical and ecological studies to record plant biodiversity

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Untitled

Cited by 81 publications

References 13 publications

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation&#8217;s blind spots

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation&#8217;s blind spots

Tongues on the EDGE: language preservation priorities based on threat and lexical distinctiveness

Evaluating different methods used in ethnobotanical and ecological studies to record plant biodiversity

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Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots

Unseen sentinels: local monitoring and control in conservation’s blind spots