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Abstract

Traditional views suggesting that bullying is caused by weakness characterizes socially challenging behaviors as maladaptive behaviors exhibited by children with insufficient social skills (Garner & Hinton, 2010). Social-cognitive theories argue that socially challenging behaviors are strategic behaviors performed by children with different social skills (Volk, Dane et al., 2022). Adolescents may be more likely to engage in bullying when they seek to get ahead of others rather