“…In addition to QoS, the other major challenge of WiFi communications is to prolong the battery life of the devices (e.g., sensors and smart phones) through efficient usage of the energy at the WiFi interface. In this respect, a number of energy saving techniques have been proposed in literature, including alternating between different radio interfaces [6], application-dependent crosslayer approaches for the power saving mode (PSM) [7] and, most notably, finding the best value of a media access control (MAC) sublayer operational variable (e.g., contention window size W or maximum retry attempts r) that maximizes energy efficiency. Interestingly, the use of MAC operational variables has also been independently suggested in the QoS-dimensioning research field to optimize bandwidth efficiency while meeting the QoS requirements of different real-time applications, most notably, delay in VoIP.…”