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Promoting branching of a potential biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L. by foliar application of plant growth regulators

“…A second way is by application of a chemical that inhibits auxin production or transport. A third way is by killing the apical meristem which halts auxin production (Bangerth 1993;Bangerth et al 2000). Application of Cks interrupts the balance in favour of Cks, which result in lateral buds escaping apical dominance and breaking (Lalouem and Fox 1989).…”

Lateral Branch Induction at Nursery With Growth Regulators in ‘Maxi Gala’ Apple Trees Grafted on Four Rootstocks

“…It can be hypothesized that on M.9 the apical dominance of the scion is stronger than on G.213 and Marubakaido with M.9 interstem. In this experiment the reduction of branch angle, which is an indicative of branch vigor, was responsive to cytokinin-like PGRs, as the effect was inversely proportional to rate, that is, as the dose was increased the angle had a tendency to be narrower, and it ought to be explained by the findings of Bangerth et al (2000), whereby the dominance release of lateral branches caused by apical dominance and hence the IAA basipolar flow, reduces the export of auxin from the dominated buds by increasing the proportion of conjugated auxin; although, when in the presence of locally applied exogenous cytokinins there is a synergistic stimulus on the auxin biosynthesis and a dominated bud may become even more dominant than the central leader due to cytokinin stimulus on IAA biosynthesis at the branch's apical meristem, corroborating with our findings. Dorić et al (2015) reported that BA + GA 4+7 promotes a longer branching zone along the apple tree's trunk rather than BA alone, and this response is proportional to the rate at lower doses.…”

“…At early summer, the carbon partitioning of the apple tree priors the allocation to the root growth, as at late summer the response is inverse, that is, the carbon partitioning is mostly allocated to shoot growth. Hence, this response is highly tailed with the endogenous hormone balance, where the levels of cytokinins are higher at early spring as the levels of auxin is low, and at late fall this pattern is switched (Hooijdonk et al, 2011;Bangerth et al, 2000). In addition, the exogenous application of BA in peaches induces root formation and expansion in the soil (Richards and Rowe, 1977).…”

“…The management of apple trees at nursery is basically focused on altering the dynamics of apical dominance, and so, inducing lateral bud break. It can be reached by changing the balance of endogenous auxin:cytokinin ratio to induce bud break (Bangerth et al, 2000;Sazo and Robinson, 2011).…”

Respuesta en el desarrollo radicular de <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> al extracto foliar de <i>Moringa oleifera</i>

“…Cuando se refiere al crecimiento y diferenciación de la arquitectura radicular, se debe mencionar la señalización de fitorreguladores como son citoquininas (CK) y auxinas (AIA) (Bangerth et al, 2000;Nordstrom et al, 2004;Woodward y Bartel, 2005). Las células de una plántula tanto en raíz como en el brote son capaces de sintetizar CK.…”