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Titorenkova, Rositsa; Koseva, Neli; Troev, K.

doi:10.1023/a:1024191130205

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Over the years, numerous homogeneous catalysts have been reported in the literature for their ability to synthesize cyclic carbonates with varying yields and TOFs. These include quaternary ammonium salts [15], alkali and alkaline earth metal salts [16,17], tin and antimony compounds [18], various transition metal salts [19][20][21], and ionic liquids [22] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides Using a Highly Active Co(III) Complex of Tetraamidomacrocyclic Ligand

et al. 2010

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Synthesis of various cyclic carbonates with yield up to 100% and turn over frequency (TOF) of 351 h -1 using CO 2 and epoxides and a cobalt (III) complex of tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand is described. The catalyst was characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. A study of reaction conditions indicates that 2 MPa pressure of CO 2 without any co-solvent is sufficient to achieve the desired product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides Using a Highly Active Co(III) Complex of Tetraamidomacrocyclic Ligand

et al. 2010

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“…Under the same conditions, the phosphonium catalysts showed lower activity compared with ammonium halide catalysts [14], but it was claimed that the former catalysts were more thermally stable than the latter ones [22]. As well as zinc halides, CaCl 2 [24] and CoCl 2 [25] can also promote the CO 2 cycloaddition to epoxide catalyzed by tetraalkylammonium or phosphonium halides. The optimum ratio of CaCl 2 /IL was again 2 [24].…”

Section: Co 2 Cycloaddition Catalyzed By Ils With Lewis Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well as zinc halides, CaCl 2 [24] and CoCl 2 [25] can also promote the CO 2 cycloaddition to epoxide catalyzed by tetraalkylammonium or phosphonium halides. The optimum ratio of CaCl 2 /IL was again 2 [24]. Unfortunately, these catalyst systems required relatively higher temperature to achieve high cyclic carbonate yields.…”

Section: Co 2 Cycloaddition Catalyzed By Ils With Lewis Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic Liquids in Green Carbonate Synthesis

Sun¹,

Liu²,

Fujita³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids - Classes and Properties

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“…Glycerol carbonate can be prepared from glycerol by different methods, such as direct carbonation of glycerol with phosgene [7], carbonation of glycerol with carbon dioxide [8], reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and sodium bicarbonate [9], reaction of glycerol and urea [10,11], transesterification of glycerol with cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate [10,12], and transesterification of glycerol with alkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate [6,[13][14][15] or diethyl carbonate [16]. Among these methods, the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate is an attractive process due to the non-toxic raw material, mild operation conditions and high yield of glycerol carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the deactivation of alkali solid catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

Wang

2010

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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The deactivation of alkali solid catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate was investigated. Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium methoxide were chosen as the representatives of the alkali solid catalysts. When the catalysts were recycled, the yield of glycerol carbonate decreased dramatically. The alkali solid catalyst was converted to the basic calcium carbonate Ca x (OH) y (CO 3 ) z , which was the cause of the decrease of glycerol carbonate yield. It was found that the chemical interactions of the alkali solid catalyst with glycerol and glycerol carbonate led to the formation of the basic calcium carbonate Ca x (OH) y (CO 3 ) z , for which the mechanism was proposed. Based on the deactivation mechanism, calcium diglyceroxide was adopted as a new catalyst for the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. Compared to calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium methoxide, calcium diglyceroxide showed excellent reusability for the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. For calcium oxide, calcium methoxide and calcium diglyceroxide, there were dissolution losses of the catalysts in the reaction medium. For calcium hydroxide, the catalyst dissolution loss in the reaction medium was nearly negligible. For calcium diglyceroxide, the dissolution of the catalyst in the reaction medium did not influence the yield of glycerol carbonate significantly.

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Untitled

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides Using a Highly Active Co(III) Complex of Tetraamidomacrocyclic Ligand

Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides Using a Highly Active Co(III) Complex of Tetraamidomacrocyclic Ligand

Ionic Liquids in Green Carbonate Synthesis

On the deactivation of alkali solid catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

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