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Fincke, J. R.; Anderson, Raymond P.; Hyde, Timothy; Detering, Brent A.; Wright, R. B.; Bewley, Randy Lee; Haggard, D.C.; Swank, W.D.

doi:10.1023/a:1012944615974

Cited by 145 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Segundo Fincke e colaboradores em fluxos de CH 4 mais baixos (entre 1 a 5 L min -1 ), onde teoricamente os produtos de equilíbrio ficam em temperaturas entre 1000 e 2500 °C, os principais produtos formados na degradação do CH 4 são o negro de carbono e o H 2 (FINCKE et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Produtos Gasosos Formadosunclassified

Produção de Hidrogênio e Negro de Carbono a partir da Degradação de Metano por Plasma Térmico

et al. 2014

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ResumoO gás metano (CH 4 ) é um dos principais gases indutores do efeito estufa. Pesquisas científicas recentes visam minimizar o acúmulo deste gás na atmosfera e desenvolver processos capazes de produzir materiais estáveis com valor agregado. O plasma térmico é uma alternativa promissora para alcançar tais objetivos, pois possibilita a obtenção de H 2 e carbono sólido a partir do CH 4 , sem a formação paralela de subprodutos como CO 2 e NO x . Neste trabalho, o CH 4 foi degradado por plasma térmico visando a produção de hidrogênio (H 2 ) e negro de carbono. A eficiência de degradação do CH 4 , o rendimento do processo e a caracterização do negro de carbono produzido foram estudados. Os melhores resultados obtidos foram no fluxo de 5 L min -1 de CH 4 a porcentagem de degradação e a seletividade para a produção de H 2 chegam a 98,8 % e 48,4 %, respectivamente. Em fluxos menores que 5 L min -1 , o rendimento na produção de H 2 aumenta e chega a 91,9 %. O negro de carbono obtido apresenta estrutura amorfa, características hidrofóbicas e pode ser comercializado como material para compósitos, podendo ainda ser ativado química e/ou fisicamente e utilizado como material adsorvente. Palavras-chave: Plasma térmico. Metano. Hidrogênio. Negro de carbono. AbstractMethane gas (CH 4 ) is the main inducer of the so called greenhouse gases effect. Recent scientific research aims to minimize the accumulation of this gas in the atmosphere and to develop processes capable of producing stable materials with added value. Thermal plasma technology is a promising alternative to these applications, since it allows obtaining H 2 and solid carbon from CH 4 , without the parallel formation of byproducts such as CO 2 and NO x . In this work, CH 4 was degraded by thermal plasma in order to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon black. The degradation efficiency of CH 4 , selectivity for H 2 production as well as the characterization of carbon black were studied. The best results were obtained in the CH 4 flow rate of 5 L min -1 the degradation percentage and the selectivity for H 2 production reached 98.8 % and 48.4 %, respectively. At flow rates of less than 5 L min -1 the selectivity for H 2 production increases and reaches 91.9 %. The carbon black has obtained amorphous with hydrophobic characteristics and can be marketed to be used in composite material, and can also be activated chemically and/or physically and used as adsorbent material.

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Section: Produtos Gasosos Formadosunclassified

Produção de Hidrogênio e Negro de Carbono a partir da Degradação de Metano por Plasma Térmico

et al. 2014

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“…The second example is the arc plasma where high temperature thermal energy is essential to decompose carbon containing complex materials into basic elements such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Arc plasma has been historically used for acetylene synthesis 6) and hydrogen and carbon black co-production 7) . Recent applications of arc plasma have focused on gasification of biomass, coal, and municipal waste to produce syngas due to the increasing concern for energy and environmental issues.…”

Section: O V E R V I E W O F P L a S M A S O U R C E S Fo R F U E Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Methane Conversion Technology Using Atmospheric Pressure Non-thermal Plasma

Nozaki

Okazaki

2011

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Non-thermal plasma assisted methane reforming is reviewed. Plasma catalysis is one of the innovative next generation green technologies that may meet the needs for energy and materials conservation as well as environmental protection. Non-thermal plasma uniquely generates reactive species independently of reaction temperature, and these species are used to initiate chemical reactions at unexpectedly lower temperatures than normal thermochemical reactions. Non-thermal plasma thus broadens the operation window of existing chemical conversion processes, and ultimately allows modification of the process parameters to minimize energy and material consumption. The general aspects of plasma assisted fuel reforming including arc plasma to non-thermal plasma are described. We specifically focus on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as one of the viable non-thermal plasma sources for practical fuel reforming. Two contrasting approaches of DBD-oriented plasma catalysis of methane are introduced: (1) Low temperature (300-500 ) methane steam reforming using a plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor, and (2) Room temperature direct methane conversion to methanol using a microplasma reactor. The practical background and unique characteristics of each application such as the plasma-catalyst synergistic effect and highly non-equilibrium product distribution are explained.

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“…Regarding carbon formation, (R7) is a potential mechanism, but this is inherently a kinetically limited process. 25 The other mechanisms are associated with polymerization and higher hydrocarbon formation. 31 Further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanism of carbon deposition.…”

Section: Specific Energy (J/l) Ch4 Conversion (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct conversion of methane using various plasma processing technologies has been studied for many years with significantly more attention since the 1980's. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Several types of discharges, including AC and DC corona discharges, dielectric-barrier discharge, arc plasma and the combination of microwave plasma and catalysts have been reported to produce acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, methanol, and other liquid products. [18][19][20][21][22] The direct conversion of methane into acetylene in a thermal arc plasma, developed by Hüls, 20 has been used for more than 40 years by Dupont.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 This process has also been used for hydrogen production. 22 However, thermal plasmas are a highly energetic state of matter characterized by extremely high temperatures 20,[23][24][25][26] and a high degree of ionization resulting in the need for specialized materials of construction. High temperature plasma processes typically exhibit low energy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Composite Hydrogen-Permeable Membranes for Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide

Argyle¹,

Ackerman²,

Muknahallipatna³

et al. 2004

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The goal of this experimental project is to design and fabricate a reactor and membrane test cell to dissociate hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in a non-thermal plasma and recover hydrogen (H 2 ) through a superpermeable multi-layer membrane. Superpermeability of hydrogen atoms (H) has been reported by some researchers using membranes made of Group V transition metals (niobium, tantalum, vanadium, and their alloys), although it has yet to be confirmed in this study. Experiments involving methane conversion reactions were conducted with a preliminary pulsed corona discharge reactor design in order to test and improve the reactor and membrane designs using a non-toxic reactant.This report details the direct methane conversion experiments to produce hydrogen, acetylene, and higher hydrocarbons utilizing a co-axial cylinder (CAC) corona discharge reactor, pulsed with a thyratron switch. The reactor was designed to accommodate relatively high flow rates (655×10 -6 m 3 /s) representing a pilot scale easily converted to commercial scale. Parameters expected to influence methane conversion including pulse frequency, charge voltage, capacitance, residence time, and electrode material were investigated. Conversion, selectivity and energy consumption were measured or estimated. C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbon products were analyzed with a residual gas analyzer (RGA). In order to obtain quantitative results, the complex sample spectra were de-convoluted via a linear least squares method. Methane conversion as high as 51% was achieved. The products are typically 50% -60% acetylene, 20% propane, 10% ethane and ethylene, and 5% propylene. First Law thermodynamic energy efficiencies for the system (electrical and reactor) were estimated to range from 38% to 6%, with the highest efficiencies occurring at short residence time and low power input (low specific energy) where conversion is the lowest (less than 5%). The highest methane conversion of 51% occurred at a residence time of 18.8 s with a flow rate of 39.4×10 -6 m 3 /s (5 ft 3 /h) and a specific energy of 13,000 J/l using niobium and platinum coated stainless steel tubes as cathodes. Under these conditions, the First Law efficiency for the system was 8%. Under similar reaction conditions, methane conversions were ~50% higher with niobium and platinum coated stainless steel cathodes than with a stainless steel cathode.

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Cited by 145 publications

References 24 publications

Produção de Hidrogênio e Negro de Carbono a partir da Degradação de Metano por Plasma Térmico

Produção de Hidrogênio e Negro de Carbono a partir da Degradação de Metano por Plasma Térmico

Innovative Methane Conversion Technology Using Atmospheric Pressure Non-thermal Plasma

Novel Composite Hydrogen-Permeable Membranes for Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide

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