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Abstract

The genome of Epiphyas postvittana Nucleopolyhedrovirus (EppoMNPV) contains an ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene. The egt gene was completely sequenced and surrounding open reading frames identified. EppoMNPV egt is 1479 nucleotides in length encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 55 kDa. Analysis of upstream sequence revealed dual TATA boxes and two CGT upstream activating region motifs. Mapping of the 5' terminus of the egt transcript identified a major transcript produced from an adenine residue 29 nucleotides downstream from the distal TATA box. No transcript was detected from a late promoter motif (GTAAG). Characterization of egt transcripts showed that poly-adenylation occurs at the 3' terminus. EppoMNPV egt transcripts were first detected in infected Epiphyas postvittana larvae by Northern hybridization at 9 h post-infection (hpi) and EGT enzyme activity was detected at 9 hpi in haemolymph from infected larvae. EppoMNPV EGT can conjugate the sugars from both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose to ecdysone in vitro. Localization assays performed using radiolabelled ecdysone demonstrated that the conjugation of glucose or galactose, from the respective UDP-sugar, led to the prevention of the uptake of ecdysone by SF-21 cells. We propose that EGT functions to prevent the uptake of ecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone by metabolite and target cells respectively.

Dirac monopoles and dipoles in ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

“…It is described in detail in Ref. [29]. All our simulations were performed using 128 3 spatial grids for each of the three spinor components.…”

Optical generation of vortices in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

“…Stability and other properties of vortices in rotating traps have been throughly discussed in Ref. [7][8][9]; ii) in stationary traps creation of vortices (or related dark solitons in 1D) requires the use of dynamical means, and an independent stability analysis.Several methods were proposed to generate vortices in non-rotating traps: stirring the condensate using a blue detuned laser [10,11], or several laser beams [12]; adiabatic passage [13] or Raman transitions [14] in bicondensate systems. Such vortices are typically not stable, and can exhibit dynamical or energetic instability.…”

“…Several methods were proposed to generate vortices in non-rotating traps: stirring the condensate using a blue detuned laser [10,11], or several laser beams [12]; adiabatic passage [13] or Raman transitions [14] in bicondensate systems. Such vortices are typically not stable, and can exhibit dynamical or energetic instability.…”

A putative UDP-glycosyltransferase from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora suppresses antimicrobial peptide gene expression and factors related to ecdysone signaling

“…Another important characteristic of a virulence factor is that it is secreted to the exterior of the nematode so that it can interact with the host environment, as documented in other species 23 . To this end, we tested H. bacteriophora ES products for glycosyltransferase activity using UDP-glucose as a sugar donor and 20E as the acceptor molecule, as these are the prevalent substrates for glycosyltransferases of invertebrates and plants 24 , 25 . Glycosyltransferase activity was observed only from the ES products of hemolymph-activated IJs, indicating that H. bacteriophora does produce and externally secrete a glycosyltransferase in response to host exposure.…”