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Electrochemical Phosphate Conversion Coatings: A Review

“…It can be seen that needle-like and°ower-like crystals can be seen in current density of 10 mA/cm 2 . The formation of needle-like 69,72,73 and°ower-like 74 phosphate crystals have also been observed by other researchers in the conventional chemical phosphating method. So, it can be concluded that regardless of the type of coating formation, the morphology of zinc-based phosphate coatings has the form of needle or°ower-like crystals.…”

Analysis of an impedance function of zinc anodic dissolution

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been applied to the dissolution and passivation processes as well as to electrodeposition of metals, since this technique allows us to interpret the respective electrochemical mechanisms quantitatively [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The anodic dissolution of metals such as Fe, Al, Ni and Cr has been also studied thoroughly by EIS [35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Deposition of zinc–zinc phosphate composite coatings on aluminium by cathodic electrochemical treatment

“…5(a)). Flis et al [24] have identified the formation of needle-like crystals on Zn and Zn-Ni coated steel immersed in dilute sodium phosphate solution and confirmed that they are indeed zinc containing phosphates. The formation of a needle-like morphology is also observed by Arun Kumar et al [25] and Banczek et al [26] for zinc phosphate coating deposited on steel and by Morks et al [27] for MnMgZn phosphate coating deposited on steel.…”