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Ferrari, Luca; López‐Martínez, Margarita; Orozco-Esquivel, Teresa; Bryan, Scott; Duque-Trujillo, José; Lonsdale, Peter; Solari, Luigi Augusto

doi:10.1130/ges00925.1

Cited by 88 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(235 reference statements)

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“…This is problematic for dating the younger (early Miocene) rocks, which often contain 'antecrysts', zircons that formed during earlier phases of related magmatism within the igneous province but are not directly crystallized from the host magma (e.g. Ferrari et al 2013;Murray et al 2013). Where mixed-age populations are suggested (e.g.…”

Section: Depositional Age Constraints Methodology and Age Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In our analyses, we interpret the oldest zircon age population calculated using this method that is less than ca. 38 Ma in a sample represents the crystallization age of antecrysts incorporated into the host magma and that the youngest zircon age population indicates the age of phenocryst crystallization (after Ferrari et al 2013), which we interpret as the maximum possible eruption age of the rock. Age results are presented in the following and summarized in Figure 10 and Table 2, with the locations of the samples shown in Figure 3 and Plate 1; detailed analytical data are given in Supplemental …”

Section: Depositional Age Constraints Methodology and Age Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extension and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin, northern Sierra Madre Occidental, western Chihuahua, Mexico

Murray

Busby

Ramírez

2014

International Geology Review

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The Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico is the biggest silicic large igneous province of the Cenozoic, yet very little is known about its geology due to difficulties of access to much of this region. This study presents geologic maps and two new U-Pb zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ages from the Cerocahui basin, a previously unmapped and undated~25 km-long by~12 km-wide half-graben along the western edge of the relatively unextended core of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental silicic large igneous province. Five stratigraphic units are defined in the study area: (1) undated welded to non-welded silicic ignimbrites that underlie the rocks of the Cerocahui basin, likely correlative to Oligocene-age ignimbrites to the east and west; (2) the ca. 27.5-26 Ma Bahuichivo volcanics, comprising mafic-intermediate lavas and subvolcanic intrusions in the Cerocahui basin; (3) alluvial fan deposits and interbedded distal non-welded silicic ignimbrites of the Cerocahui clastic unit; (4) basalt lavas erupted into the Cerocahui basin following alluvial deposition; and (5) silicic hypabyssal intrusions emplaced along the eastern margin of the basin and to a lesser degree within the basin deposits.The main geologic structures in the Cerocahui basin and surrounding region are NNW-trending normal faults, with the basin bounded on the east by the syndepositional W-dipping Bahuichivo-Bachamichi and Pañales faults. Evidence of syndepositional extension in the half-graben (e.g. fanning dips, unconformities, coarsening of clastic deposits toward basinbounding faults) indicates that normal faulting was active during deposition in the Cerocahui basin (Bahuichivo volcanics, Cerocahui clastic unit, and basalt lavas), and may have been active earlier based on regional correlations.The rocks in the Cerocahui basin and adjacent areas record: (1) the eruption of silicic outflow ignimbrite sheets, likely erupted from caldera sources to the east during the early Oligocene pulse of the mid-Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up, mostly prior to synextensional deposition in the Cerocahui basin (pre-27.5 Ma); (2) synextensional late Oligocene mafic-intermediate composition magmatism and alluvial fan sedimentation (ca. 27.5-24.5 Ma), which occurred during the lull between the Early Oligocene and early Miocene pulses of the ignimbrite flare-up; and (3) post-extensional emplacement of silicic hypabyssal intrusions along pre-existing normal faults, likely during the early Miocene pulse of the ignimbrite flare-up (younger than ca. 24.5 Ma). The timing of extensional faulting and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin and surrounding area generally coincides with previous models of regional-scale middle Eocene to early Miocene southwestward migration of active volcanism and crustal extension in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental controlled by post-late Eocene (ca. 40 Ma) rollback/fallback of the subducted Farallon slab.

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Section: Depositional Age Constraints Methodology and Age Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Depositional Age Constraints Methodology and Age Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin, northern Sierra Madre Occidental, western Chihuahua, Mexico

Murray

Busby

Ramírez

2014

International Geology Review

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“…The Gulf of California is a complex zone of oblique extension, where extension in the southern segments may have initiated in the Mid to Late Miocene (Ferrari et al, 2013), and extension along the whole Gulf was fully underway from 12.5 Ma (e.g., Atwater & Stock, 1998), where current relative motion of the Baja Microplate and the North American plate is between 45 and 47 mm yr 21 (Plattner et al, 2007). In the model-observation comparison, Figure 9, we assume extension started at 18 Ma.…”

Section: Gulf Of Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the model-observation comparison, Figure 9, we assume extension started at 18 Ma. In the Sinaloa region toward the south of the Gulf of California, there is a set of dated lavas with REE compositions (Ferrari et al, 2013), which allow for a model comparison. Off-shore of Sinaloa, within the Alarc on and Capo to Puerto Vallarta transects, the oceanic crust is 5 km thick (Lizarralde et al, 2007) and the transition from continental to oceanic crust is wide, particularly at the Alarc on transect (Lizarralde et al, 2007;Sutherland et al, 2012), although this larger width in transition may be partially due to the formation of a failed oceanic basin (Abera et al, 2016).…”

Section: Gulf Of Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

Armitage

Petersen

Pérez‐Gussinyé

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The strength of the crust has a strong impact on the evolution of continental extension and breakup. Strong crust may promote focused narrow rifting, while wide rifting might be due to a weaker crustal architecture. The strength of the crust also influences deeper processes within the asthenosphere. To quantitatively test the implications of crustal strength on the evolution of continental rift zones, we developed a 2‐D numerical model of lithosphere extension that can predict the rare Earth element (REE) chemistry of erupted lava. We find that a difference in crustal strength leads to a different rate of depletion in light elements relative to heavy elements. By comparing the model predictions to rock samples from the Basin and Range, USA, we can demonstrate that slow extension of a weak continental crust can explain the observed depletion in melt chemistry. The same comparison for the Main Ethiopian Rift suggests that magmatism within this narrow rift zone can be explained by the localization of strain caused by a strong lower crust. We demonstrate that the slow extension of a strong lower crust above a mantle of potential temperature of 1,350 °C can fit the observed REE trends and the upper mantle seismic velocity for the Main Ethiopian Rift. The thermo‐mechanical model implies that melt composition could provide quantitative information on the style of breakup and the initial strength of the continental crust.

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“…The panels defi ned by Henry et al (2010) include the Great Basin (shown on Fig. 3A), as well as Southern Rocky Mountain, Mogollon-Datil, Trans-Pecos volcanic fi elds of the U.S. (not shown) and the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico (also not shown; see Murray et al, 2013;Ferrari et al, 2013). Eocene to Miocene slab fallback and arc extension associated with it in Mexico ultimately led to Miocene rifting in the Gulf of California (Ferrari et al, 2007.…”

Section: Extensional Arc (50-13 Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth of a plate boundary at ca. 12 Ma in the Ancestral Cascades arc, Walker Lane belt of California and Nevada

Busby

2013

Geosphere

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The Walker Lane belt of eastern California and western Nevada is the northernmost extension of the Gulf of California transtensional rift, where the process of continental rupture has not yet been completed, and rift initiation can be studied on land. GPS and earthquake focal mechanism studies demonstrate that the Walker Lane belt currently accommodates NW-SE-directed movement between the Sierra Nevada microplate and the North American plate, but the timing and nature of rift initiation remains unclear. I present a model for plate-margin-scale initiation of the Gulf of California and Walker Lane transtensional rifts at ca. 12 Ma; localization of rifting in both was initiated by thermal weakening in the axis of a subduction-related arc undergoing extension due to slab rollback, and thermal weakening in the arc was enhanced by stalling of the trenchward-migrating precursor arc against a thick Cretaceous batholithic lithospheric profi le on its western margin. Rifting succeeded very quickly in the Gulf of California, due to stalling of Farallon slabs, but the Walker Lane transtensional rift has been unzipping northward along the axis of the Cascades arc, following the Mendocino triple junction. I infer that plate-margin-scale Walker Lane transtension was signaled by the development of an unusually large and voluminous transtensional arc volcanic center, the ca. 11.5-9 Ma Sierra Crest-Little Walker arc volcanic center. I show that the style of faulting in this large Miocene arc volcanic center closely matches that of Quaternary transtensional structures in the central Walker Lane, where it lies, and that it differs from southern and northern Walker Lane structures. This indicates that the temporal transition from E-W Basin and Range extension to NW-SEWalker Lane transtension occurred earlier than most workers have inferred. I also summarize new data which show that the central Sierra Nevada range front (from Long Valley to the Tahoe Basin) lies squarely within the Walker Lane belt, not to the west of it as previous workers have inferred.The leading tip of Walker Lane transtension is marked by large arc volcanic centers sited in transtensional stepovers; these include the ca. 11.5-9 Ma Sierra Crest-Little Walker volcanic center; north of that, the ca. 6.3-4.8 Ma Ebbetts Pass volcanic center; and north of that, the active Lassen volcanic center. In its wake, large rift volcanic centers are sited on transtensional stepovers or bends; these include the Long Valley and Coso volcanic fi elds. I predict that any <12 Ma large volcanic centers identifi ed by future workers in the Sierra Nevada-Walker Lane region, or in the Gulf of California, will prove to be sited at major releasing bends or stepovers.

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Cited by 88 publications

References 126 publications

Extension and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin, northern Sierra Madre Occidental, western Chihuahua, Mexico

Extension and magmatism in the Cerocahui basin, northern Sierra Madre Occidental, western Chihuahua, Mexico

The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

Birth of a plate boundary at ca. 12 Ma in the Ancestral Cascades arc, Walker Lane belt of California and Nevada

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