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Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD), identified as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is a progressive disease that impairs the ability to control voluntary movements mainly. According to the findings of the pathogenesis of PD, lesions in dopaminergic innervation of the basal ganglia cause degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra and thus leads to loss of striatal dopamine level. Hence, enhancement of dopaminergic transmission restores partial motor functions. In the current review, the possible in-vivo animal models have been described in detail, which mostly resembles the Parkinsonian state in humans and has helped research involving pathogenesis, treatment, and evaluating drugs having Anti-Parkinson activity. This study aims to set down all the possible models to screen agents that have a therapeutic or symptomatic role in treating Parkinson's disease. Every model has its advantage and disadvantage, which must be carefully considered when choosing the model to be used. INTRODUCTION:Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative illness characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural imbalance that worsens over time 1 . It affects approximately 1% of the population over the age of 65 years 2 and is regarded as the second most common neurodegenerative disease 3 . Clinical diagnosis relies on the presence of such features, it is also associated with many non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability 4 . Also, the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the Substantia nigra (SN) is a cause of PD. Although characterized as a neuromuscular disorder, dementia, sialorrhoea 5 , soft speech and difficulty in swallowing due to uncoordinated movements of mouth and throat also occurs at a much greater rate in PD patients over the normal-aged population.