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Selected Macroscopic Consequences of Tetrahedratic Order

“…For the detailed conventional expressions and the structure of the other currents we refer to ref. [20].…”

“…[20]. For the tetrahedratic phase one has the same hydrodynamic variables as for an isotropic liquid, namely the density, ρ, the energy density, , the density of linear momentum, g i , and, in mixtures, the concentration, c. In addition one has a third rank tensor T i jk characterizing the tetrahedratic order.…”

“…After pioneering work by Fel [17,18], the following investigations [19][20][21][22] focused on phase transitions [19,21] and on the flow properties of a tetrahedratic phase, which has no simultaneous quadrupolar orientational order [20]. We also investigated the changes of the flow behavior assuming that, in the absence of an external flow and/or external fields, there is only tetrahedratic symmetry in a ground state that is lost when such forces are present [22].…”

Polar Columnar and Tetrahedratic Phases

“…When comparing the tetrahedratic phase to an ordinary isotropic phase in the dynamic regime, we have reversible couplings of velocity gradients ∼ T ijk ∇ j v k [6] to the electric, entropy (energy), and concentration current and, vice versa, contributions to the stress tensor from electric fields ∼ T ijk E k , temperature and concentration gradients ∼ T ijk ∇ k T and ∼ T ijk ∇ k c.…”

“…We discuss this [6] for the optically isotropic tetrahedratic phase characterized by a third rank tensor order parameter T ijk [7]. We point out that an applied electric field or an applied temperature gradient will lead to flow.…”