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Peculiarities of the growth of KDP single crystals with incorporated aluminium oxyhydroxide nanoparticles

“…In aqueous solutions the surface of the nanoparticles is charged positively at pH solution opH zcp , and negatively at pH solution 4pH zcp , where pH zcp is the value of acidity corresponding to the zero charge point where the number of positively and negatively charged centers is the same. It is known that for aluminium hydrogels pH zcp $ 8.3 [30]. Adsorption of water molecules on the surface of oxide particles leads to the occurrence of the first hydrate layer (MOH-groups) and of the second layer formed due to binding of water molecules by hydrogen.…”

The Thermodynamic Relations between the Melting Point and the Size of Crystals

“…We consider the effect of T on the surface tension of a crystal to be much smaller than that of a liquid, so that σ 0 (s) can be seen as a constant in approximate calculations. The relation (20) between the σ and the r of droplets of a liquid is σ (l) = σ 0 (l)/(1 + 2δ/r), [12] where δ is a constant (on the order of 10 −10 m). However, only when the size of droplets is comparable with that of molecules or atoms, does the effect of the size on σ become important (17).…”

“…These include thermodynamic properties (1-3), chemical equilibria (4,5), reversible redox potentials (6)(7)(8), electromotive forces (9,10), and kinetics laws (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Some characteristic features of formation of composite material based on KDP single crystal with incorporated Al2O3·nH2O nanoparticles

“…For newly precipitated aluminum oxyhydroxide the true values of рН zcp ( z cp is the zero charge point, where pH value does not depend on the concentration of electrolyte) are 8.3–9.5 (in the medium of NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 ), whereas for aluminum oxyhydroxide hydrogel the value of рН zcp is 8.3 . In acidic or alkaline media, besides electrical double layers formed on the Al 2 O 3 · n H 2 O surface, a strongly hydrated gel‐like layer may appear as a consequence of hydrolytic breaking of Al–O–Al bonds.…”