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Abstract

Aim:The main objective of the study was to assess the potential application of Chitosan/Karaya gum interpolymer complex to develop the novel rate controlled buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Developed drug delivery system is capable to administer opioid analgesic drug tramadol HCl directly into systemic circulation via buccal mucosa. The developed drug delivery system would be more effective in terms of improving bioavailability, quick onset of action and reduction in dose related side effects of drugs which are suffering from hepatic first pass metabolism. Materials and Methods: Chitosan and karaya gum were selected for the preparation of interpolymer complex. Resulted interpolymer complex was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. Further, the swelling behaviour of interpolymer complex was studied compare to karaya gum alone. Mucoadhesive bilayered buccal films were prepared from Interpolymer complexes by solvent casting method. An impermeable ethyl cellulose backing layer was placed to ensure unidirectional drug release from filmes. The resulted mucoadhesive buccal films were evaluated for swelling index, folding endurance, bioadhesive strength, ex vivo diffusion of the drug, in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of the drug. An opioid analgesic Tramadol HCl was used to study the nature of drug release from buccal films. A software aided optimization was carried out to understand the effect of formulation factors like amount of inter polymer complex and plasticizer at three different levels on three major properties of films like swelling index, tensile strength and in vitro dissolution. Result and Discussion: It has been observed that all resultant buccal films prepared by using inter polymer complex between Karaya gum and chitosan have shown good structural integrity, good mucoadhesive strength, satisfactory drug release and are capable to improve the in vivo absorption as well as plasma residence time.

Karaya/Gellan-Gum-Based Bilayer Films Containing 3,3′-Diindolylmethane-Loaded Nanocapsules: A Promising Alternative to Melanoma Topical Treatment

“…The successful development of films is based on the proper selection of film-forming agents and plasticizer concentrations when necessary [ 33 ]. Initially, optimizations were sought in monolayer films composed only of suspensions of nanocapsules and karaya gum based on previous studies of films with this gum [ 44 , 45 , 68 ]. Gum concentrations above 0.75% ( w / v ) resulted in very viscous polymeric dispersions, making transferring difficult for a drying surface.…”

“…During morphological evaluation, two polymeric layers were detected in the lateral sections of the films ( Figure 4 ), confirming layer maintenance after drying. Structurally, this organization is relevant, as it allows the gums to remain isolated in their respective layers, maintaining their intrinsic properties, such as the adhesion of the karaya gum and the low adherence and resistance of the gellan gum [ 44 , 45 ]. Additionally, during the evaluation of the surface of the films, the presence of structures suggestive of bioactive crystals in the layer of gellan gum in F-DIM was evidenced.…”

“…Previous research has shown that natural gum films have a high capacity for absorbing aqueous fluids [ 44 , 45 ]. The ability to absorb fluids is usually linked to the number of groups in the polymer chain that can form hydrogen bonds.…”

“…Another polysaccharide that stands out is karaya gum, obtained from exudative lesions on the stem of Sterculia urens , a tree typical of India and Africa [ 42 , 43 ]. Although this gum has essential properties such as bioadhesion behavior and control of the release of substances, few studies have been dedicated to preparing films of karaya gum for pharmaceutical purposes [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Furthermore, using karaya gum in developing these films was associated with other polymeric materials, in its deacetylated or cross-linked form, with no incorporation of nanostructured systems.…”