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Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of a Mixture of Potassium Stearate and Oleate

“…It has been found previously that the surface tension of a mixture of stearic and oleic acids is lower than the additive value and has a minimum in the composition range St : Ol (333 40) : (673 60) wt % at temperatures of 60 to 80oC [14]. Similar effects would be expected with aqueous solutions of the potassium salts of St and Ol and of their mixture (40 : 60 wt %).…”

Preparation of zinc oxide free, transparent rubber nanocomposites using a layered double hydroxide filler

“…2 Environmental concerns are especially focussed on the effect of excess zinc on aquatic organisms, 3 which has lead to various efforts to reduce the zinc levels in rubber compounds. [4][5][6][7] Hitherto, there have been few alternatives to ZnO, with little choice for manufacturers other than to accept a loading of 3 to 5 parts of ZnO per hundred parts of rubber in formulations involving sulfur curing systems.…”

The Influence of Stearic and Oleic Acids on the Molecular Topology Structure of Vulcanisates Based on Butadiene–methylstyrene Rubber

“…Furthermore, in the process of preparation and subsequent treatment, rubber mixes produced using an optimum ratio of these acids had satisfactory processing properties. Such a change in properties of the vulcanisates when a composite of oleic and stearic acids is used in their formulation is probably due to the surface-active properties of this mixture of acids [3]. It was logical to assume that the structure of vulcanisates with the use of the individual acids and with a mixture of the acids of optimum composition will also be different.…”