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Chernyaev, A. M.; Gaponov, I. A.; Kazennov, A. Yu.; Denskevich, A.V.

doi:10.1023/a:1021780319057

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The underwater gamma spectrometer has been developed to complement or replace the traditional sampling-sample analysis technique. It have been used for a range of applications including the mapping of rocks and unconsolidated sediments, mineral exploration (mainly for heavy minerals and phosphoresces), sediment transport studies, investigations in relation to discharged and dumped nuclear wastes and at nuclear weapon test sites and emergency response to the nuclear accidents at sea [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Analysis and Optimization Design of Pressure Vessel of Underwater Gamma Spectrometer

Gao

Zhang

Yang

2014

AMM

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Pressure vessel makes the underwater gamma spectrometer can operation in underwater environment. In this paper, a kind of cylindrical pressure vessel has been simulated and analyzed using CAD software named Solidworks. Analysis results show the end covers are much thicker than the side wall to satisfy the same design safety factor and the centers of the end covers are the stress concentration areas. Further more, a 2× 2 LaBr3: Ce scintillation detector and a series of pressure vessels with various design safety factors and same inner space have been simulated by Monte Carlo code MCNP. Calculation indicates that the thicker the shell, the lower the detection efficiency. Further more, calculation shows the impact of the pressure vessel on detection efficiency of underwater gamma spectrometer varies with the photon energy. The law is that the higher the photon energy, the lower the influence on the detection efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Analysis and Optimization Design of Pressure Vessel of Underwater Gamma Spectrometer

Gao

Zhang

Yang

2014

AMM

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Radioecological problems of rehabilitating Arctic seas

Саркисов¹,

Vysotskii²,

Sivintsev

et al. 2007

At Energy

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Systematized information on nuclear and radiation hazardous objects scuttled in the seas of the WesternArctic -nuclear powered submarines, objects with and without spent nuclear fuel, the reactor bays of nuclear powered submarines, a nuclear powered icebreaker, and solid radioactive wastes -is presented. Together with technical data, the results of ranking objects according to their degree of radiation hazard, information on the status of the radioecological conditions at the scuttling sites, information about the effectiveness of existing protective barriers impeding the flow of radioactive substances into the surrounding seas is presented. An assessment is made of possible variants for rehabilitating sea water areas, including keeping scuttled objects on the sea bottom, raising such objects, salvaging and re-disposal at great depths taking account of international requirements and Russian normative and legal base.Arctic ices are melting. The winter extension zone of polar ice in the Scandinavian seas has decreased by approximately 25% during the past century. In 2005, the Bering Sea remained almost completely unfrozen during the winter. This is unprecedented. If this continues, the Northern Arctic Ocean could become navigable year round in the next decade. In this connection, variants are being examined for developing shipping lanes in the Arctic and along the Russian sea coast, which is free of piracy and is the shortest distance between Europe and Southeast Asia. Prospects are opening up for shipping freight from the western coast of Canada and the USA to Europe and vice versa. Consequently, the significance of the Arctic not freezing is enormous and indisputable.This opens up great possibilities for our country. On the one hand, rejuvenation of northern shipping will help restore the weak economy of remote regions, while on the other hand it will help to establish mutually profitable bilateral relations between Russia and the West and between the West and Southeast Asia. Russia plays a special role in preserving Arctic ecosystems. About one third of the entire area of the Arctic -one of the largest biosphere reserves and an ecological filter -lies in the Russian sector. Diversity and abundance of organisms are characteristic for the part near the Atlantic; large schools of North Atlantic fishes (herring, cod, haddock, sea bass, pollack, and others) are observed during the summer. Several types of whales, primarily, finback and Greenland right whales, live in the Northern Arctic Ocean. The cold seas of the Arctic, rich with fish and animals, are a large source of food and enormous mineral resources lie hidden on the bottom [1].The enormous natural resources require that this region be treated with great care. However, the events occurring in the last century in connection with the nuclear arms race have already damaged the Arctic -individual regions of the Arctic are radioactively contaminated, dangerous solid radioactive wastes, including sunken/scuttled nuclear powered submarines

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Method for performing rapid radiation surveys of the water areas at shore bases of the naval fleet using submersible gamma spectrometers

2010

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A method of performing radiation surveys of the water areas at shore bases of the naval fleet using underwater scintillation gamma spectrometers is presented as an example of work performed in the waters near the temporary storage site for radwastes and spent fuel in Gremikha. This method makes it possible to record in situ from a surface ship as well as underwater manned or unmanned vehicle the content of radionuclides in sea water. In contrast to conventional methods of monitoring the radiation conditions by means of dosimetric surveys and sampling, submersible spectrometric systems make it possible to detect and identify rapidly the source of radioactive contamination in water and bottom deposits and to determine it size, intensity, and isotopic composition. Appropriate software is used to construct from the survey results cartograms of the contamination in the regions examined, identify pathways for radionuclides to enter the waters, and evaluate the total activity of the bottom deposits.In connection with the increased attention devoted to ecological and, specifically, radio-ecological problems which have accumulated over the period that the nuclear-powered fleet was established and grew, the need for complex radio-ecological surveys of the shore bases, including the adjoining waters, is no longer ignored. Radiation surveys of dry land do not present any special difficulties and are performed using well-perfected methods, including dosimetric monitoring, gammaspectrometric surveys, and specimen and sample analysis.The process of obtaining the required information on the radio-ecological state of a water area was conventionally based on the method of first obtaining and then performing laboratory analysis on specimens of the natural media. Water samples were obtained by means of special bathometers and soil samples by means of bottom samplers or gravity tubes. After sample preparation, the radioactivity of the samples obtained was determined with a spectrometer or radiometer, ordinarily equipped with massive protection to lower the influence of the background.Sample preparation usually consists in concentrating (radiochemical, sorption and physical -usually drying or ashing) samples and requires a specially equipped laboratory, which greatly complicates a radio-ecological survey. In addition, analysis of a single specimen when determining the maximum concentration of a nuclide takes substantial time -from several hours for a dried specimen with a gamma spectrometer to several days for radiochemical analysis. We also note that in most cases the radiochemical and sorption methods are geared toward isotopes of a single element, i.e., other radionuclides are not determined. In spite of this, such methods as compared to others possess the highest sensitivity and accuracy in measurements of low concentrations. In addition, methods of radiochemical separation are often the only ones possible for determining the concentration of α and β emitters (U, Pu, and 90 Sr).

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Cited by 4 publications

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Stress Analysis and Optimization Design of Pressure Vessel of Underwater Gamma Spectrometer

Stress Analysis and Optimization Design of Pressure Vessel of Underwater Gamma Spectrometer

Radioecological problems of rehabilitating Arctic seas

Method for performing rapid radiation surveys of the water areas at shore bases of the naval fleet using submersible gamma spectrometers

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