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Quantitative Analysis of Constituents in Heavy Fuel Oil by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

“…All spectra were aligned using the peak with the highest intensity (typically a group of overlapping CH 2 or CH 3 signals in the aliphatic region) to compensate for the distinct and reproducible shift that was observed. This shift, which differed from sample to sample, may be attributed to concentration effects, the presence of paramagnetic centers in the oil, − or bulk magnetic susceptibility effects . It should be noted that this alignment can be performed automatically. − For the present study, the alignment on the largest peak was considered adequate, fast, and reliable.…”

Rheological properties of crude oils with a high resin and asphaltene content. Effect of an electromagnetic field and modifiers

“…The anomalies of the rheological properties of these crudes caused by a high resin and asphaltene (RA) wax content raises important difficulties in shipping them to refineries. Use of depressant additives [1, 2], SF [3][4][5], and fields [6][7][8] is the most effective and efficient method of decreasing the viscosity of crude oil and increase the carrying capacity of pipelines.…”

“…The anomalies of the rheological properties of these crudes caused by a high resin and asphaltene (RA) wax content raises important difficulties in shipping them to refineries. Use of depressant additives [1, 2], SF [3][4][5], and fields [6][7][8] is the most effective and efficient method of decreasing the viscosity of crude oil and increase the carrying capacity of pipelines.We investigated the rheological properties of crudes from wells 69 and 719 in the Kuchukov field in Tatarstan and the effect of SF and a high-frequency electromagnetic (HFEM) field on the viscosity of these crudes during shipment. The physicochemical properties of the crudes are reported in Table 1.…”