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A tetrafunctional, anhydride hardened epoxy resin (EP) was modified with polyethersulfones (PESU) of different molecular mass (MM) without using additional solvent in 10 wt %. The morphology, thermal, and fracture mechanical properties of the EP/PESU systems were determined. PESU was present as dispersed phase in the EP matrix. The final morphology of EP/PESU depended on MM of PESU. PESU of low and medium MM formed submicron scale spherical droplets, whereas PESU of high MM was present in micron scale inclusions of complex (sea-island) structure. With increasing MM of PESU, the fracture mechanical properties, and especially the fracture energy, were increased. This was traced to differences in the morphology (dispersion of PESU) of the EP/PESU systems triggering different failure mechanisms. The onset of thermal degradation was slightly reduced, whereas the char yield enhanced by PESU modification compared with the reference EP.

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Structure and toughness of polyethersulfone (PESU)‐modified anhydride‐cured tetrafunctional epoxy resin: Effect of PESU molecular mass

Grishchuk

Gryshchuk

Weber

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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High performance modification of hyperbranched polyborate on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a resin

Cong

Gao

et al. 2014

Polymer Composites

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High performance epoxy resin was obtained by introducing hyperbranched polyborate (HBPB) into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin to overcome the defects such as low char yield and poor toughness of DGEBA resin. By virtue of the massive functional end groups, hyperbranched and rigid boron-containing structures of HBPB, the thermal resistance of DGEBA resin cured with diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) can be greatly improved. Moreover, with the toughening effect of hyperbranched structures of HBPB, the mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the carbon fiber reinforced DGEBA-DDS composite could be greatly increased by HBPB without a decrease on modulus and glass transition temperature of DGEBA-DDS resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:424-432, 2015.

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Polyethylene glycol as an epoxy modifier with extremely high toughening effect: Formation of nanoblend morphology

Zavareh

Samandari²

2013

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The brittle nature of epoxy polymers is one of their main drawbacks, preventing their widespread applications. In this research article, a new modifier with an extremely toughening effect on brittle epoxy was developed. It was found that introducing low-molecularweight polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the low amounts (up to 10%) into epoxy matrix considerably improves the impact and fracture properties of epoxy thermosetting polymer without attenuating its tensile properties. Epoxy/PEG hybrid containing 10% PEG exhibited an impact strength of 56.3 kJ/m 2 which is 5.7 times greater than that of pristine epoxy. The fracture strength of 7.7 MPa m 1/2 with 540% increase compared to pure epoxy was also observed for the hybrid material. Morphological, chemical, and thermal properties of epoxy/ PEG hybrid were studied using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and differential thermal analysis, respectively, to find out the basic reasons behind such a considerable improvement. A new morphology, consisting uniformly dispersed PEG nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix, was observed for the modified hybrid. This unique morphology for epoxy/PEG was named as nanoblend. The results showed that the formation of nanoblend morphology with strong interaction between epoxy and PEG in the blend structure is responsible for epoxy toughness.

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Cited by 7 publications

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Structure and toughness of polyethersulfone (PESU)‐modified anhydride‐cured tetrafunctional epoxy resin: Effect of PESU molecular mass

Structure and toughness of polyethersulfone (PESU)‐modified anhydride‐cured tetrafunctional epoxy resin: Effect of PESU molecular mass

High performance modification of hyperbranched polyborate on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a resin

Polyethylene glycol as an epoxy modifier with extremely high toughening effect: Formation of nanoblend morphology

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