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Risk, Michael J.; Heikoop, Jeffrey M.; Snow, M. G.; Beukens, R.P.

doi:10.1023/a:1016557405185

Cited by 134 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While these banding patterns are of unknown temporal frequency, we note that deep-sea corals grow their skeletons relatively slowly, with Desmophyllum annual extension rates ranging from 0.1 to 3 mm/year (Adkins, Henderson, Wang, O'Shea, & Mokadem, 2004;Cheng, Adkins, Edwards, & Boyle, 2000;Risk, Heikoop, Snow, & Beukens, 2002).…”

Section: High-resolution Ex Vivo Raman Mapping Of Marine Calcifyingmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigating marine bio‐calcification mechanisms in a changing ocean with in vivo and high‐resolution ex vivo Raman spectroscopy

DeCarlo

Comeau

Cornwall

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Ocean acidification poses a serious threat to marine calcifying organisms, yet experimental and field studies have found highly diverse responses among species and environments. Our understanding of the underlying drivers of differential responses to ocean acidification is currently limited by difficulties in directly observing and quantifying the mechanisms of bio‐calcification. Here, we present Raman spectroscopy techniques for characterizing the skeletal mineralogy and calcifying fluid chemistry of marine calcifying organisms such as corals, coralline algae, foraminifera, and fish (carbonate otoliths). First, our in vivo Raman technique is the ideal tool for investigating non‐classical mineralization pathways. This includes calcification by amorphous particle attachment, which has recently been controversially suggested as a mechanism by which corals resist the negative effects of ocean acidification. Second, high‐resolution ex vivo Raman mapping reveals complex banding structures in the mineralogy of marine calcifiers, and provides a tool to quantify calcification responses to environmental variability on various timescales from days to years. We describe the new insights into marine bio‐calcification that our techniques have already uncovered, and we consider the wide range of questions regarding calcifier responses to global change that can now be proposed and addressed with these new Raman spectroscopy tools.

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Section: High-resolution Ex Vivo Raman Mapping Of Marine Calcifyingmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigating marine bio‐calcification mechanisms in a changing ocean with in vivo and high‐resolution ex vivo Raman spectroscopy

DeCarlo

Comeau

Cornwall

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…210 Pb dating), radiocarbon dating and trace element analyses have all been attempted in order to validate the assumption of an annual periodicity of growth rings, with no success. Only Birkeland (1974) following the in situ growth of P. gurneyi newly recruited to cleared plots was able to demonstrate unequivocally that early growth rings (to Age 3) were formed annually, similar to other octocorals and antipatharians Risk et al 2002;Sherwood & Edinger 2009). Some studies have made cross-inference of annual ring formation between sea pens and gorgonian corals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this structure in sea pens differs from that of other gorgonian octocorals in which Sherwood (2002) identified three growth zones: a central rod similar to the axial rod in pennatulids, a 'horny axis' made of calcite and the protein gorgonin, and an outer calcite cortex. Ring formation in the horny cortex of gorgonians corals is caused by changes in the ratio of gorgonin:calcite resulting in light and dark band couplets (Risk et al 2002). Validation of ageing in non-Ellisellidae octocorals cannot be assumed to apply to sea pens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometry and growth of sea pen species from dense habitats in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada

Murillo

MacDonald

Kenchington

et al. 2018

Marine Biology Research

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We examined four species of sea pen (Anthoptilum grandiflorum, Halipteris finmarchica, Pennatula aculeata and Pennatula grandis) collected from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and mouth of the Laurentian Channel, eastern Canada. An exponential length-weight relationship was found for all four species, where growth in weight was progressively greater than growth in length with increasing colony size. Halipteris finmarchica, P. grandis and P. aculeata presented the better allometric fits, explaining over 80% of the variance. In addition, a count of growth increments visible in transverse sections in 86 A. grandiflorum and 80 P. aculeata samples was made. Presumed ages ranged between 5 and 28 years for A. grandiflorum and 2 and 21 years for P. aculeata. Radiocarbon assays were inconclusive and could not be used to confirm these ages; further age validation is required. Radial growth of the rod is slow during the first years, increasing at intermediate sizes of the colony and slowing down again for large colonies. Similar results were obtained from the relationship between colony length and number of growth increments where a logistic model was the best fit to the data. On average Spearman's rank correlations showed 11% of shared variance between sea pen length or weight and environmental variables. Bottom temperature and salinity, depth and summer primary production were significantly correlated to sea pen size for most species. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794) is a cosmopolitan species of solitary scleractinian coral (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) living over a wide range of depths (from 7 to more than 4,000 m; Risk et al, 2002;Försterra & Häussermann, 2003). Most polyps have sizes of 5-10 cm in length and 1.5-3 cm in diameter, although larger specimens (up to 40 cm length) have often been found, especially attached to the underside of rocky overhangs (Cairns, Häussermann & Försterra, 2005).…”

Section: Studied Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low pH and feeding on calcification rates of the cold-water coralDesmophyllum dianthus

Martínez-Dios

Pelejero

López‐Sanz

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Cold-Water Corals (CWCs), and most marine calcifiers, are especially threatened by ocean acidification (OA) and the decrease in the carbonate saturation state of seawater. The vulnerability of these organisms, however, also involves other global stressors like warming, deoxygenation or changes in sea surface productivity and, hence, food supply via the downward transport of organic matter to the deep ocean. This study examined the response of the CWC Desmophyllum dianthus to low pH under different feeding regimes through a long-term incubation experiment. For this experiment, 152 polyps were incubated at pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5 and 7.2 and two feeding regimes for 14 months. Mean calcification rates over the entire duration of the experiment ranged between −0.3 and 0.3 mg CaCO3 g−1d−1. Polyps incubated at pH 7.2 were the most affected and 30% mortality was observed in this treatment. In addition, many of the surviving polyps at pH 7.2 showed negative calcification rates indicating that, in the long term, CWCs may have difficulty thriving in such aragonite undersaturated waters. The feeding regime had a significant effect on skeletal growth of corals, with high feeding frequency resulting in more positive and variable calcification rates. This was especially evident in corals reared at pH 7.5 (ΩA = 0.8) compared to the low frequency feeding treatment. Early life-stages, which are essential for the recruitment and maintenance of coral communities and their associated biodiversity, were revealed to be at highest risk. Overall, this study demonstrates the vulnerability of D. dianthus corals to low pH and low food availability. Future projected pH decreases and related changes in zooplankton communities may potentially compromise the viability of CWC populations.

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Cited by 134 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating marine bio‐calcification mechanisms in a changing ocean with in vivo and high‐resolution ex vivo Raman spectroscopy

Investigating marine bio‐calcification mechanisms in a changing ocean with in vivo and high‐resolution ex vivo Raman spectroscopy

Morphometry and growth of sea pen species from dense habitats in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada

Effects of low pH and feeding on calcification rates of the cold-water coralDesmophyllum dianthus

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