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Abstract

This paper provides a review of radiation detectors to measure the ionizing radiation like gamma-ray, X-ray, high energy UV-ray and heavy ions, etc. It is essential to know about the radiation source and its effects for several applications such as aviation, medical, high energy physics experiments and space missions. In the last few decades, numerous detectors with different manufacturing technologies have been reported. Semiconductor devices such as diodes, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and solid-state photomultipliers (SSPMs), etc., have been made and widely used to measure different kind of radiation. This article goes through the evolution of radiation detectors design using various technologies and summarizes the features with emphasis on their underlying principles and applications.