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Automated flow injection system using extractionchromatography for the determination of plutonium in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…Radiation-counting measurements of Pu are generally performed either by fission track analysis (FTA) [5][6][7] or alpha energy analysis (AEA). [12][13][14][15] Unfortunately, these radiometric approaches have a significant time requirement for counting (up to a day per sample) and do not allow for the discrimination between 239 Pu and 240 Pu isotopes. Ion-counting instruments such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), 16 resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), 17 thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), 8,14,18,19 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), 20,21 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have also been used to determine Pu isotopes in urine.…”

“…[12][13][14][15] Unfortunately, these radiometric approaches have a significant time requirement for counting (up to a day per sample) and do not allow for the discrimination between 239 Pu and 240 Pu isotopes. Ion-counting instruments such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), 16 resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), 17 thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), 8,14,18,19 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), 20,21 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have also been used to determine Pu isotopes in urine. Because ICP-MS can directly ionize analytes contained in an aqueous matrix, it is therefore understandable that this technique is principally used for the development of rapid analytical methods for Pu urinalysis.…”

Rapid analysis for plutonium-239 in 1 ml of urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a desolvating introduction system

“…Quantitative analysis of Pu excreted in urine is a non-invasive way to assess levels of exposure to this toxic element. Assessment of exposure by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), 2,3 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), 4,5 and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) 5 have been established as very sensitive, faster throughput, and complimentary alternatives to alpha spectrometry for the bioassay of nuclear workers. Instrumentation for these methods is, however, not widely available.…”

Rapid analysis for plutonium-239 in urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using Aridus desolvation introduction system

“…3 A number of ICP-MS methods have been published for the determination of plutonium in human urine. [4][5][6][7][8] Newer magnetic sector ICP-MS instruments significantly improve the LOD and precision available for these measurements. Removal of some of the matrix effects associated with urine is possible with commercially available devices, resulting in improved precision and lower LOD.…”