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Remis, Melissa J.; Dierenfeld, Ellen S.; Mowry, Christopher B.; Carroll, Richard

doi:10.1023/a:1012021617737

Cited by 111 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This observation could be related to higher consumption of linolenic acid-rich diets, such as those found in oils of vegetable origin from nuts, seeds, and fruits. These foods, which are consumed more by the gorillas in the wet seasons and by the BaAka (12,14), have been associated with optimal cardiovascular health (15,16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western lowland gorilla fecal samples were collected in two seasons of different dietary intake. Each period differs substantially in terms of the availability of ripe fruits (14,32,34). During the dry season, gorillas heavily depend on a highly fibrous diet (mainly leaves, pith, bark, herbaceous vegetation, and other plant parts), due to the low availability of ripe fruit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…The fitted models are indicated by the dashed lines and an R 2 coefficient of determination is included for comparing the effect of seasonal feeding rates between species consumed F I G U R E 5 Monthly time spent feeding on fruit, flowers, non-fruit plants and nonplant items by Nyungwe chimpanzees from September 2016 to August 2017. Stacked bars indicate the percentage of time (as a proportion of total monthly feeding scans) spent feeding on fruits (fig and non-fig), flowers, non-fruit (pith, leaves, and bark) and non-plant items (honey, insects, meat, or mushroom) composition (Collins & McGrew, 1988;Malenky & Wrangham, 1994;Remis et al, 2001), but we cannot yet say whether nutritional variation helps explain why only some herbaceous foods at Nyungwe were FBFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzee feeding ecology and fallback food use in the montane forest of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda

Matthews

Ridley

Niyigaba

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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Almost all primates experience seasonal fluctuations in the availability of key food sources.However, the degree to which this fluctuation impacts foraging behavior varies considerably. Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, live in a montane forest environment characterized by lower primary productivity and resource diversity than low-elevation forests. Little is known about chimpanzee feeding ecology in montane forests, and research to date predominantly relies on indirect methods such as fecal analyses. This study is the first to use mostly observational data to examine how seasonal food availability impacts the feeding ecology of montane forest chimpanzees. We examine seasonal changes in chimpanzee diet and fallback foods (FBFs) using instantaneous scan samples and fecal analyses, supported by inspection of feeding remains. Chimpanzee fruit abundance peaked during the major dry season, with a consequent change in chimpanzee diet reflecting the abundance and diversity of key fruit species. Terrestrial herbaceous vegetation was consumed throughout the year and is defined as a "filler" FBF. In contrast to studies conducted in lower-elevation chimpanzee sites, figs (especially Ficus lutea) were preferred resources, flowers were consumed at seasonally high rates and the proportion of non-fig fruits in the diet were relatively low in the current study. These divergences likely result from the comparatively low environmental diversity and productivity in higher-elevation environments. K E Y W O R D Sdiet, eastern chimpanzee, high-elevation forest, seasonality

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“…The termites are rich in iron. Although bioavailability of micronutrients in ripe fruits is predicted to be higher than in leaves (Milton 2003), at Bai Hokou (CAR), gorilla fruits with high iron levels also had high condensed tannin (CT) levels (Remis et al, 2001). Therefore, fruit iron (Fe 3+ ), which is less easily absorbed by gorillas, might be used in detoxification, while termite iron (Fe 2+ ) might complement iron requirements in periods of fruit abundance (Deblauwe and Janssens 2008).…”

Section: Temporal Variation In Insect-eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation in Insect-eating by Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: Extension of Niche Differentiation

Deblauwe

2009

Int J Primatol

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I studied insect-foraging strategies of great apes and aimed to define niche differentiation in their insect diet. I investigated seasonality in fruit-, foliage-, insect-, and meat-eating by great apes in southeast Cameroon via indirect methods and measured activity and nest densities of insect prey. I used a multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data. Gorilla and chimpanzee insect-, ant-, and termiteeating does not correlate with rainfall. Ant-and nonwinged termite-eating by chimpanzees increased in periods of succulent fruit scarcity and provided protein and energy, which might have compensated for the protein-low foliage eaten then. The apes ate winged termites when succulent fruit was abundant. Ant and winged termite consumption by gorillas correlates positively with that of chimpanzees. Anteating by gorillas increased when fruit was scarce, but was also associated with temporal ant activity and nest density. Both ape species also encountered more ant nests and trails in that period, as they predominantly foraged for herbs in vegetation types with high ant availability. In contrast, fruit-eating correlates positively with nonwinged termite-eating by gorillas, but again temporal prey availability is also associated. Termites might have provided 1) supplemental iron when tannin-rich fruits were eaten or 2) antidiarrheal properties when gorillas ate too much laxative fruit. Termite-eating by both ape species is not associated with spatial termite availability. In conclusion, there is niche differentiation in their insect diet. Based on the trade-off between foraging effort and nutritional gain, chimpanzees use a highenergy and gorillas a low-energy strategy when feeding on termites, but both use a low-energy strategy when feeding on ants. However, more information on the consumption of ant larvae is necessary to define niche differentiation in their ant diet.

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Untitled

Cited by 111 publications

References 64 publications

Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions

Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions

Chimpanzee feeding ecology and fallback food use in the montane forest of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda

Temporal Variation in Insect-eating by Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: Extension of Niche Differentiation

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