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Synthesis and characterisation of magnesium substituted calcium phosphate bioceramic nanoparticles made via continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis

“…Previously, Mg-whitlockite crystals, Ca 18 Mg 2 H 2 (PO 4 ) 14 , synthesised in a batch hydrothermal reactor, were reported in the rhombohedral space group R3c with Z R ¼ 1, a ¼ 13.765(8) A ˚and a ¼ 44.25 (5) with the equivalent hexagonal parameters suggested to be a ¼ 10.350(5), c ¼ 37.085(12) A ˚and Z H ¼ 3. 57 The PXRD data for our sample MgP (powder made using magnesium nitrate and no calcium nitrate) showed extremely broad peaks, suggesting the material is possibly amorphous.…”

“…Magnesium substituted HA (Mg-HA) can be made via ambient temperature precipitation reactions from solution 2,4,12,[25][26][27] or by solid-state reactions at elevated temperatures. 5,20 Magnesium substitution levels of up to 1.6 wt% have been reported using such precipitation reactions. 13 Surprisingly, as much as 28.4 wt% substitution of Mg 2+ in HA has also been claimed in the literature using mechanochemical synthesis routes.…”

“…2,3 Consequently, the use of biphasic HA and b-TCP mixtures for bone grafts can facilitate rapid bone formation around the implant site compared to HA alone. 4,5 It has been reported previously that when biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic (55% HA, 45% b-TCP) was implanted in femoral cortical bones of dogs, new bone formed more quickly for BCP compared to HA alone. 6,7 Ionic substitutions are often introduced into synthetic bioceramics in order to more closely match the chemical compositions found in biological apatites.…”

Thermoluminescence dose–response of synthesized and doped hydroxyapatite: effect of formed crystal phases

“…β‐TCP has a rhombohedral structure and an R3c space group with lattice parameters of a = 10.439 Å, c = 37.375 Å. [ 70–73 ]…”

“…β-TCP has a rhombohedral structure and an R3c space group with lattice parameters of a = 10.439 Å, c = 37.375 Å. [70][71][72][73] In this study, the HAP samples were synthesized using different methods, annealed at high temperatures, and doped with different types of dopants to investigate the crystal structure of HAP using XRD analysis. Also, the effect of varying crystal phases on the TL glow curves has been studied and it was shown that the TL glow curves changed due to phase transformations.…”