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Mustapha, A. O.; Patel, J. P.; Rathore, I. V. S.

doi:10.1023/a:1020550103471

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A further study showed that the groundwater sources (springs and wells) were generally more enriched in Rn-222 than surface waters (rivers and streams) [9]. In the Middle East, Jordan for example, a neighboring country to Palestine, a study was performed on the radon level in water [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since radon is a health hazard and a risk factor for some types of cancers including lung cancer [7], many studies have been conducted worldwide to determine its concentration in different environmental media in order to reduce its adverse effects on the human health [9,14-16]. To our knowledge, no study was carried out regarding radon assessment in the drinking water supplies in Palestine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

et al. 2012

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BackgroundRadon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus city in order to set up a sound policy on water management in Palestine.MethodsThis was a descriptive study carried out in two phases with a random sampling technique in the second phase. Primarily, samples were taken from 4 wells and 5 springs that supplied Nablus city residents. For each source, 3 samples were taken and each was analyzed in 4 cycles by RAD 7 device manufactured by Durridge Company. Secondly, from the seven regions of the Nablus city, three samples were taken from the residential tap water of each region. Regarding the old city, ten samples were taken. Finally, the mean radon concentration value for each source was calculated.ResultsThe mean (range) concentration of radon in the main sources were 6.9 (1.5-23.4) Becquerel/liter (Bq/L). Separately, springs and wells' means were 4.6 Bq/L and 9.5 Bq/L; respectively. For the residential tap water in the 7 regions, the results of the mean (range) concentration values were found to be 1.0 (0.9-1.3) Bq/L. For the old city, the mean (range) concentration values were 2.3 (0.9-3.9) Bq/L.ConclusionsExcept for Al-Badan well, radon concentrations in the wells and springs were below the United State Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminated level (U.S EPA MCL). The level was much lower for tap water. Although the concentration of radon in the tap water of old city were below the MCL, it was higher than other regions in the city. Preventive measures and population awareness on radon's exposure are recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

et al. 2012

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“…Long-term exposure to high levels of radon and its offspring can have serious health consequences for a community, including lung cancer and altered respiratory function [5,10] . Moreover, stomach and gastrointestinal tract cancer can result from very high radon levels in drinking water [5,11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the majority of people and animals depend on untreated surface and groundwater sources for consumption. The radon level in drinking water, which in high concentration can cause a significant risk of stomach and gastrointestinal tract cancer [11] , among others, needs to be investigated. The geology of Nasarawa revealed that it is highly enriched in clay, loamy, and sandy soil, and studies have shown that high activity concentrations of Radon-222 are always associated with areas rich in clay soil [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Radon-222 in Groundwater across Keana in Nasarawa, Nigeria

Bako

Rilwan²,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

adv. in geol. and geotech. eng. res.

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The most common supply of freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and other domestic uses is groundwater; however, because of increased radon concentrations brought on by mining activities, its quality is still a severe concern. Using a liquid scintillation detector, this study investigated the radon content, its related toxicity, and its risk to human health in the groundwater of the Keana in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Ten (10) borehole samples and five (5) well samples totaling fifteen (15) groundwater samples were taken. The results showed that the average radon concentration in water samples from Keana was 2.25 Bq/L. The mean annual effective dosage (ingestion) for adults and children in Keana was 0.016 mSv/y and 0.027 mSv/y, respectively. In Keana, the additional lifetime cancer risk per adult was 5.65 × 10–5, and per child, it was 8.79 × 10–5. The study’s radon concentration was lower than the benchmark of 11.1 Bq/L established in 1991 by the Nigerian Standard Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results of this study indicate that the level of radon is safe; as a result, people can continue farming and other activities. To reduce the risk of cancer, however, more research could be done in the area. Further research should be done by looking at additional sources in the study area in order to cover the entire zone. Further investigation should be carried out both during the dry and wet seasons because radon concentrations in groundwater alter over time due to dilution by recharge from rainfall.

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“…It is denser than air and exist as a single atom gas thus can easily penetrate materials, paper, leather, low density plastic, most paint, sand, building materials like gypsum (sheet rock) concrete bock, mortar, wood panelling and most insulations. 3 Radon from natural sources mainly come from uranium rich minerals and soils, it can also accumulate in houses made of mud in areas such as basements. It can also be dissolved in groundwater such as hand-dug wells, boreholes, spring water and hot springs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual effective dose from radon-222 concentration levels in underground water in bungoma south sub - county, Kenya

Wanyama¹,

Butiki²,

Makokha³

et al. 2021

IJH

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This research measured the concentration levels of radon in groundwater and determined the ingestion and inhalation dose. The study used RAD7 detector with RAD7-H2O accessory from Durridge Company to determine the radon levels. Thirty water samples in granitic dominated regions were collected from various areas of Bungoma County: ten from boreholes (BH), ten from hand dug wells (WL) and ten from springs (SP). The water samples were collected in 250 ml bottles which were tightly covered with lid to avoid radon leakage. The highest value was 303±4.00 KBq/m3 recorded in Kanduyi well and the lowest was 126±11.4kBq/m3 from where most of the samples recorded a high radon concentration with a mean of 269±5.25 KBq/m3 in wells, 213±7.96 KBq/m3 in boreholes and 290±7.70 KBq/m3 in springs. The average ingestion dose was found to be 1.5±0.07mSv/yr, 1.9±0.09 mSv/yr and 2.1±0.1 mSv/yr. The average annual effective dose rate for the samples collected were 2±0.1 mSv/yr for boreholes, 2.6±0.13 mSv/yr for wells and 2.7±0.14 mSv/yr for springs. The samples reported an average value of AED higher than the world average of 1.15 mSv/yr but below the exception limit of recommended action level of 10 mSv/yr hence the radon concentration levels in underground water in the study area has minimal health implications to the population.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

Toxicity of Radon-222 in Groundwater across Keana in Nasarawa, Nigeria

Annual effective dose from radon-222 concentration levels in underground water in bungoma south sub - county, Kenya

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