Untitled

Mirshekari

2016

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

Background: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a doping agent and it is used by athletes. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the chronic, high doses of ND administration on Blood cell, lipid profile, and Liver enzymes in male rats. Materials and Methods: This experiment was executed on 30 wistar-Albino male rats divided, after weighing, in control, placebo, and test groups (n = 10). Test group received 15 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) ND for duration of 8 weeks. Group placebo received the same volume of placebo although control group did not receive any agent during the trial period. At the end, animals were anesthetized by diethyl ether, scarified, and then blood samples were collected from cervical vessels immediately. Blood cell, lipoprotein profile, and liver enzymes were measured by ordinary methods. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS V. 15, via ANOVA and Tukey test.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic High Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on Blood Cell, Lipoprotein Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Rats

Mirshekari

2016

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

“…Several authors, after a period of administration of AASs, highlighted a significant increase of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Such effects and reversibility are dependent on dosage and treatment duration [ 30 , 42 , 43 ]. It has been shown that high doses of AASs induce adverse effects by increasing plasma triglyceride levels and decreasing plasma HDL-C levels up to 70%, considered to provide anti-atherosclerotic protection [ 44 ], while some studies showed contradictory results about this aspect [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pro-aggregatory effects on platelets because of high dosages of androgens could be related to a decrease in cycloxygenase activity [ 68 ]. Most of these alterations could lead to an increased thrombosis risk or atherosclerotic effects on vessels [ 42 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

et al. 2020

Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

“…Similarly, an observational study wherein hemodialysis patients were administered nandrolone were observed to exhibit improvements in albumin, cholesterol, and lipoprotein suggestive of nutritional benefits of androgen supplementation in ESRD patients. [28] Finally, as androgen use preceded the advent of erythropoietin, prior research has shown the utility of androgen replacement in correcting anemia of renal disease. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis comparing nandrolone vs. erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of renal disease showed no significant difference in hemoglobin level across the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Testosterone and Mortality Risk among U.S. Males Receiving Dialysis

Yu¹,

Ravel²,

You³

et al. 2017

Am J Nephrol

Background: Among the general population, low circulating testosterone levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death. While testosterone deficiency is common in dialysis patients, studies of testosterone and mortality in this population are ambiguous and overlapping. We hypothesized that lower testosterone levels are associated with higher mortality in male dialysis patients. Methods: We examined a nationally representative cohort of male dialysis patients from a large US dialysis organization who underwent one or more total testosterone measurements from 1/2007 to 12/2011. The association between total testosterone categorized as quartiles and all-cause mortality was studied using Cox models adjusted for expanded case-mix and laboratory covariates. We also examined total testosterone as a continuous predictor of all-cause mortality using restricted cubic splines. Results: Among 624 male dialysis patients, 51% of patients demonstrated testosterone deficiency (total testosterone <300 ng/dL); median (IQR) total testosterone levels were 297 (190-424) ng/mL. In expanded case-mix + laboratory adjusted Cox analyses, we observed a graded association between lower testosterone levels and higher mortality risk (ref: quartile 3): adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) 2.32 (1.33-4.06), 1.80 (0.99-3.28), and 0.68 (0.32-1.42) for Quartiles 1, 2, and 4, respectively. In adjusted spline analyses, the lower testosterone-higher mortality risk association declined with higher testosterone levels until the value reached a threshold of 400 ng/dL above which risk plateaued. Conclusion: Lower testosterone levels were independently associated with higher mortality risk in male dialysis patients. Further studies are needed to determine underlying mechanisms, and whether testosterone replacement ameliorates death risk in this population.