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High-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective activities of extracts from seeds of Simira gardneriana M. R. V. Barbosa and Peixoto (Rubiaceae)

“…The photoprotective activity was determined by the spectrophotometric method developed by Mansur et al (1986) using UVB region, which is considered to be the region of greatest incidence during the day. Although this test has been performed in vitro, there is a relevant correlation with in vivo tests because it relates the absorbance of the samples with its photoprotective potential in combating an erythematogenic effect, caused by radiation at specific wavelengths between 290 and 320 nm (UVB region) (Violante et al, 2009).…”

“…Subsequently, spectrophotometric scanning was performed at wavelengths between 260 to 400 nm, with intervals of 5 nm. The readings were performed using 1 cm quartz cell, and ethanol used as blank (Mansur et al, 1986). …”

New Trends Based on Patent Literature

“…Equipment has been designed for solvent recycling. 33,34 In one such design, solvent is dispensed from a holding reservoir to a wash basin. After the parts are washed, the spent solvent is directed to a distillation chamber and condensate is returned to the holding reservoir.…”

“…After the parts are washed, the spent solvent is directed to a distillation chamber and condensate is returned to the holding reservoir. 33 The equipment is designed in such a way as to prevent vapor from escaping to the atmosphere. In another development a biodegradable aqueous solution of detergent is used for cleaning.…”

Methods and Supports for Immobilization and Stabilization of Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase from Thermoanaerobacter

“…The sol-gel process can easily be recognized because it is the synthesis route in which at a certain time, there is the transition from the sol to the gel system. In contrast to the conventional methods, which require high temperatures for the fusion of vitreous silica, the sol-gel technique uses low temperatures for the hydrolysis and condensation reactions, which are ideal for a great variety of organic molecules sensible to high temperatures, as the class of proteins that can denature and loose their biological activity [14]. Enzyme immobilization by the sol-gel process has been extensively used because the physicochemical characteristics of the biocatalysts obtained by this method qualify the sol-gel matrices as ideal supports for the encapsulation of biological materials and enzymes [14,15], giving very satisfactory results.…”