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Abstract

ABSTRACT.---We surveyed five reed habitats (mining pond, sand pit, large canal, small 1 canal and lowland river) in north-western Vojvodina (Serbia) between 2009-2011 to study 2 habitat use and to estimate nest success in an understudied region of the breeding range of the 3 Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). Data from 174 nests showed that habitat 4 use differed considerably between the habitat types, but was not related to the area of the 5 study site or the reed bed. Higher-than-expected numbers of nests along the small canal and 6 the river suggested that Great Reed Warblers preferred these to other habitats for nesting. 7Habitat use was closely linked to the availability of reed edges and the quality of the reed 8 stand. Overall Mayfield nest success was 43%, slightly lower than in northern and western 9 Europe. Nest success was low along the small and large canal, where brood parasitism by 10Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) and nest predation were high due to nearby tree lines 11 providing perching sites to cuckoos and predators. Nest success was intermediate at the 12 mining pond due to very high predation pressure and adverse weather, and nest success was 13 highest in the sand pit (despite high Cuckoo parasitism) and the river (despite relatively high 14 predation). In conclusion, our results suggest that canals can function as ecological traps, 15 which attract edge-preferring Great Reed Warblers but are highly accessible to predators and 16 brood parasites. In contrast, sand pits can be perceptual traps because they provide good 17 resources for nesting but were less attractive to Great Reed Warblers than other habitats. 18Habitat use in relation to habitat availability thus depends primarily on the availability of reed 19 edges and the quality of the reed stand, whereas nest success also depends on the 20 characteristics of the surroundings and weather conditions.

Uses of scanning electrochemical microscopy for the characterization of thin inhibitor films on reactive metals: The protection of copper surfaces by benzotriazole

“…The effectiveness of organic inhibitors is related to the extent to which they adsorb and cover the metal oxide surface. The efficacy of inhibitors is normally investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical methods [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], including the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) due to its ability to measure mass differences in the order of nanograms per surface area [40][41][42][43][44][45], and frequently assisted by surface analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and laser micro mass analysis (LAMMA) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Unfortunately, all these techniques exclusively provide global information as they lack enough spatial resolution, which is demanded to better understand the nature of the interactions and processes responsible for the inhibiting effect.…”

Piezogravimetric investigation of heterocyclic compounds as potential inhibitors against copper corrosion in acidic media

“…Copper layers were galvanostatically electrodeposited on one face of the crystal that´s facing the solution, at room temperature. The deposition procedure was described elsewhere [15].…”

“…The possibilities of the copper corrosion prevention, by the application of corrosion inhibitors, have been investigated using several methods [7]. Many types of inhibitors were investigated and among them are organic compounds and their derivatives such as azoles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

New inhibitors for copper corrosion

“…The molecular structure is one of the major factors that influence this interaction [2]. The molecular structure of thiazoles, tetrazoles contain atoms like N and S, which are easily able to bridge with other molecules [1,2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. For a metal such as copper, which can form multi-bonds, inhibitor molecules containing those atoms are strongly recommended.…”

“…Several investigations utilized quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to investigate copper electrode behavior in acidic environment [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. QCM is capable of detecting mass changes in the nanoscale range.…”