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Ozawa, Seiichi; Tsutsumi, Keisuke; Baba, Norio

doi:10.1023/a:1018729317339

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…41 Facing strong protests from the Japanese community and perhaps having an awareness of the State Department's warning to California to halt its exclusion movement, 42 and also study administrative aspects of the DPI. 44 Although Claxton acknowledged Penhallow's request, Claxton received no response to a follow-up inquiry.…”

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Mandating Americanization: Japanese Language Schools and the Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, 1916–1920

Asato¹

2003

Hist. educ. q.

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Under the policies of the United States, it will be very difficult to prohibit schools of this kind unless it were definitely proven that they were teaching treasonable things.—P. P. Claxton, U. S. Commissioner of EducationThis article critically examines how the 1919 Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, under the guise of a scientific study to guide educational reform, was used as the means to implement colonial policies over the territory's largest ethnic group, the Nikkei, people of Japanese ancestry. Furthermore, the survey was also used by various other political and religious parties and individuals to further their own objectives. Although there were many facets to the federal survey, this study focuses only on the debate surrounding Japanese language schools, the most sensational issue of the survey. The battle over the control of Japanese language schools among the white ruling class, educational authorities, and the Nikkei community in Hawai'i created the foundation for an anti-Japanese language school movement that spread to the West Coast of the United States. The survey was also a catalyst for Nikkei in redefining their Japanese language schools and a battleground concerning their future and identity. Despite numerous studies on Japanese Americans in Hawai'i, and studies of the Japanese language schools, neither the process, results, nor effects of the survey have been critically examined to date. This paper analyzes the process of how the federal survey evolved and how it arrived at its conclusions through an examination of the Education Bureau's files in order to illuminate the origins of the Japanese language school control movement and its chapter of ethnic American educational history.

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Mandating Americanization: Japanese Language Schools and the Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, 1916–1920

Asato¹

2003

Hist. educ. q.

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Heterogeneity and homogeneity in modular neural architecture

Tsutsumi

IEEE SMC'99 Conference Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.99CH37028)

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Associative neural networks as means for low-resolution video-based recognition

Gorodnichy

Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.

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Abstract-Techniques developed for recognition of objects in photographs often fail when applied to recognition of the same objects in video. A critical example of such a situation is seen in face recognition, where many technologies are already intensively used for passport verification and where there is no technology that can reliably identify a person from a surveillance video. The reason for this is that video provides images of much lower quality and resolution than that of photographs. Besides, objects in video are normally captured in unconstrained environments, often under poor lighting, in motion and at a distance. This makes memorization of an object from a single video frame unreliable and recognition based on a single video frame very difficult if even possible. This paper introduces a neuro-associative approach to recognition which can both learn and identify an object from lowresolution low-quality video sequences. This approach is derived from a mathematical model of biological visual memory, in which correlation-based projection learning is used to memorize a face from a video sequence and attractor-based association is performed to recognize a face over several video frames. The approach is demonstrated using a video-based facial database and real-time video annotation of TV shows.

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Untitled

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Mandating Americanization: Japanese Language Schools and the Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, 1916–1920

Mandating Americanization: Japanese Language Schools and the Federal Survey of Education in Hawai'i, 1916–1920

Heterogeneity and homogeneity in modular neural architecture

Associative neural networks as means for low-resolution video-based recognition

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