A 0.18.MU.m CMOS Wide-Band Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Using Push-Push Oscillator

Jang, Sheng‐Lyang; Chang, Chia‐Wei; Chen, Yu‐Sheng; Huang, Jhin‐Fang; Hsieh, Jau-Wei; Huang, Chong-Wei

doi:10.1587/transele.e94.c.1332

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“…The first differential ÷3 ILFD [7,10] is obtained at L 2 = 0. The second differential ÷3 ILFD [11] is obtained by using L 2 . The third differential ÷3 ILFD [9,12] is obtained by deleting L 2 .…”

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Enhanced locking range technique for divide‐by‐3 differential injection‐locked frequency divider

2015

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A new circuit technique is proposed to enhance the locking range of divide-by-3 injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) implemented using a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The ILFD uses a transformer feedback to increase the second harmonic and enhances the conversion efficiency of injection metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor mixers. The ILFD core consumes 10.8 mW power at the supply voltage of 0.9 V and with a circuit core current of 12 mA. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the measured locking range is 4.2 GHz (37.17%), from the incident frequency 9.2-13.4 GHz.Introduction: Divide-by-3 (÷3) CMOS LC-tank injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) are one of the important high-modulus ILFDs. The conventional ÷3 ILFD has limited locking range because of low conversion efficiency harmonic mixers [1][2][3][4]. The ÷3 ILFD can be designed using a single-ended [1] or dual-injection metaloxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) [3,4]. Recently, wider locking range ÷3 ILFDs have been designed [5-9] using a linear mixer. As locking range is one of the key parameters of an ILFD to cope with the circuit parameter drift with process, voltage and temperature, extending the locking range of the ÷3 ILFD has been an active research subject. Fig. 1 summarises the past historic direct-injection ÷3 CMOS ILFDs topologies. The first differential ÷3 ILFD [7, 10] is obtained at L 2 = 0. The second differential ÷3 ILFD [11] is obtained by using L 2 . The third differential ÷3 ILFD [9,12] is obtained by deleting L 2 . The common node of injection mixer transistors (M 3 , M 4 ) provides a second harmonic at 2ω o . The input and output frequency relation of the injection mixer in a ÷3 ILFD is given by ω RF (injection frequency) − 2ω o = ω o . In this Letter, we propose a new wideband CMOS LC-tank ÷3 ILFD shown in Fig. 2 using the transformer coupling to enhance the locking range of the ÷3 ILFD.

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