A 0.5 V PWM CMOS Imager With 82 dB Dynamic Range and 0.055% Fixed-Pattern-Noise

Chung, Min‐Wen; Lee, Chih-Lin; Yin, Chin; Hsieh, Chih-Cheng

doi:10.1109/jssc.2013.2269857

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to this analysis, we can estimate 68% power reduction in the precharging circuits, which gives 5% reduction in total power consumption in the monitoring mode. The power figure of merit (power FOM) is defined as the power consumption normalized to the number of pixels and the frame rate, given by [16], [28]. The fabricated sensor shows a power FOM of in the monitoring mode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, analog power consumption takes a little more than 40% of total power consumption. In order to reduce the analog power consumption, many low power imagers employed in-pixel comparators for ADC [13]- [16] instead of column-parallel comparators. However, in-pixel comparators take the significant portion of pixel area and increases the pixel size.…”

Section: B In-pixel Comparator For A/d Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage is that it is less vulnerable from body effect and bias current variation which are main sources of inducing non-linearity. However, this scheme requires a large pixel size with additional transistors [13], [16] and pMOS transistors [14], [15] in the pixel. Another possible issue is input voltage variation during long A/D conversion time ( cycles) in the rolling shutter operation.…”

Section: Small Pixel Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these vision sensors should include in-pixel circuits for detecting events based upon contrast or motion changes [34], which increase a form factor of the sensor and may not be able to provide post image processing capabilities such as object detection and recognition [13]. Some image sensors employed in-pixel pulse-width-modulation to achieve low power consumption from low supply voltage instead of conventional analog readout [13]- [16], [28]. Even though these low power imagers enabled a long lifetime of the sensor node, an additional challenge for wireless sensor nodes is to accommodate the wide range of illumination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Energy/Illumination-Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Modes of Operations

Choi

Park

Cho

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present an energy/illumination-adaptive CMOS image sensor for distributed wireless sensor applications. The adaptive feature enables always-on imaging operation with extremely low power consumption for extended lifetime of wireless image sensor nodes and provides optimum images in a wide range of illuminations. For adaptive operation, the sensor employs reconfigurable modes of operation. Most of time, the sensor is in a monitoring mode, which keeps imaging at extremely low power consumption. The sensor turns into a high-sensitivity imaging mode or a wide dynamic range imaging mode when illumination varies and sufficient power supply is available from energy harvesting. The sensor changes its operation back to the monitoring mode in order to save energy in the battery. The sensor operates at W/frame in the monitoring mode from harvested energy and provides high-sensitive and wide dynamic range images (99.2 dB) at W in battery operation. The chip achieved power FOM of in m technology.Index Terms-CMOS image sensor, CMOS imager, low power, wide dynamic range, wireless sensor network, wireless sensor node. Manuscript

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B In-pixel Comparator For A/d Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Pixel Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Energy/Illumination-Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Modes of Operations

Choi

Park

Cho

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dual-supply design effectively reduces the power consumption of the front-end sensor (sense block) and maintains the required current level of the stimulator (stimulus block) for activation of neuron cells. Instead of using the conventional CMOS active pixel sensor (APS), the proposed HDR PWM sensor with FPN reduction [1] is adopted to overcome the limited full well of the photodiode at ultralow supply operation and to extend the dynamic range by the nonlinear response of the implemented PWM scheme. An in-pixel pulse-to-current stimulator containing a timeto-voltage (T-V) converter is also proposed to improve the uniformity performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 0.5 V/1.8 V High Dynamic Range CMOS Imager for Artificial Retina Applications

Lee

Hsieh

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a 0.5 V/1.8 V high dynamic range (HDR) sense-and-stimulus (SAS) CMOS imager with adaptive gain control for artificial retina applications. The proposed dual-supply SAS pixel consists of a 0.5 V HDR pulsewidth modulation image sensor (for sense) and a 1.8 V pulse-to-current stimulator (for stimulus) to achieve a highly integrated and lowpower solution. The 0.5 V operated HDR image sensor is adopted to reduce power consumption with dynamic range extension for in vivo requirement and mimicking the eyesight capability. The 1.8 V operated in-pixel pulse-to-current stimulator provides a biphasic current pulse with sufficient intensity to activate neuron cells for artificial vision recovery applications. The timeto-voltage conversion technique with a programmable gain is employed to achieve a reduced fixed-pattern-noise (FPN) and an adaptive sensitivity. A prototype chip has been implemented and verified with a sensing array of 40 × 40, a pixel size of 30 × 30 μm 2 , and a fill factor of 33.3%. The maximum driving capability of biphasic stimulation current is ±50 μA with a 7.5 k electrode model. The measurement results show an array FPN of 0.63% and a tunable dynamic range of 36 dB. The chip consumes a total power of 2.1 mW with current stimulator at 16.9 frame/s, which achieves an imager figure of merit of 77.7 nW/frame pixel.Index Terms-Artificial retina, CMOS, converter, dynamic range, gain control, image sensor, low power, pulse width modulation. 1530-437X

show abstract

Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence Sensors

Zhang

Wang

Lee

2023

Advanced Sensor Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significant growth in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) is being witnessed. Driven by the great versatility of emerging computer science and material science, various AI sensors provide cost‐effective approaches for a wide range of monitoring applications toward the realization of smart homes and personal healthcare. Advanced AI sensors have multiple sensors capable of detecting multidimensional information and human‐brain‐like computation device for data processing. Herein, this review outlines the recent advances in the development of AI sensors. This review first introduces the materials, fabrication methods, and algorithms of current AI sensors and their applications, i.e., complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensors for computer vision, microelectromechanical systems, microphone sensors for voice recognition, and wearable sensors for gesture recognition. Then, the recent advances in AI wearables sensors and self‐powered sensor systems are highlighted. Next, the current developments of neuromorphic computing systems, multimodality, and digital twins are reviewed. Last, a perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided. In summary, the trend of advanced AI sensors is the complementary between edge computing and cloud computing, which will show great potential in the applications of smart buildings, individual healthcare, the Internet of things, etc.

show abstract

A 0.5 V PWM CMOS Imager With 82 dB Dynamic Range and 0.055% Fixed-Pattern-Noise

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

An Energy/Illumination-Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Modes of Operations

An Energy/Illumination-Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Modes of Operations

A 0.5 V/1.8 V High Dynamic Range CMOS Imager for Artificial Retina Applications

Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence Sensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About