A 0.62–10 GHz Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System in CMOS

Integrated Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Analyzers for Biomedical Applications

“…In [86], an integrated measurement (receive) channel from 1 to 50 GHz has been presented, which can be operated in a heterodyne configuration by means of a 3-Hz chopper and a subsequent external demodulator. Another integrated heterodyne receive channel operating up to 3 GHz was shown in [87], and a homodyne version based on IQ mixers working up to 10 GHz was introduced in [88]. In the following, an applicationspecific 27-40-GHz chipset including a TX and a noncoherent self-mixing RX was successfully used in [89], and a singlechip 3.8-4.8-GHz transceiver solution for a homodyne IQmixer-based reflectometer (excluding the directional element) was presented in the context of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy [90].…”

Spectroscopic Sensing Method of Liquid Permittivity with On-Chip Capacitor

“…G sensing and G par are circuit components due to the imaginary permittivity of MUT ε MUT '' and IMD ε IMD '', respectively, which corresponds to an energy loss. C sensing and C par come from the real permittivity of MUT ε MUT ' and IMD ε IMD ', respectively, representing energy storage [12]. Combined admittance between two electrodes can be expressed as follows.…”

A Review on Passive and Integrated Near-Field Microwave Biosensors

“…In all the mentioned cases, the sensors exclusively measure the real part of permittivity. On the other hand, there is considerable research work in order to establish CMOS wideband near-field dielectric spectroscopy systems operating in the microwave frequency range [ 60 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. In the work [ 74 ], Elkholy et al describes a digital control oscillator setup for dielectric spectroscopy of biological material at a frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 5 GHz.…”