“…In digital domain, a large number of reconfigurable digital systems have been demonstrated for real applications. Meanwhile, in analog domain many efforts have also been devoted to developing programmable analog circuits, which include programmable gain amplifiers [1,2,3], reconfigurable filters [4,5,6,7], programmable neural networks [8,9], and state-of-the-art field programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Such programmable analog circuits have been widely used in various applications.…”