A 100 ka record of water tables and paleoclimates from salt cores, Death Valley, California

Li, Jianren; Lowenstein, Tim K.; Brown, Christopher Boyd; Ku, Teh-Lung; Luo, Shaohua

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00123-9

Cited by 99 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fluid inclusions in clear bottom-growth halite occur as oriented assemblages aligned parallel to crystal growth faces, not dense enough to form chevron banding. This type of halite has been found in ancient halite from Death Valley, California [34] and the Qaidam Basin, China [35], and from the modern Dead Sea [36]. Clear bottom-growth halite is distinct from recrystallized halite.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Primary halite is characterized by (1) cumulate crystals that precipitated at the air-brine interface or in the water column and (2) bottom-growth halite with or without fluid inclusion banding, the former called chevron halite and the latter clear bottom-growth halite [32][33][34][35][36]. Cumulate and chevron halite commonly contain well-defined fluid inclusion banding parallel to crystal growth faces.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary fluid inclusions in clear bottom-growth halite are isolated, negative cubes. The small number of fluid inclusions in clear bottom-growth halite indicate slow crystallization (months to years) at the brine bottom [33,34]. Cumulate halite consists of densely packed accumulations of millimeter-scale, well-sorted cubes and rectangular and square-shaped plates (Figure 3e).…”

Section: Khorat Halite and Fluid Inclusion Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dense fluid inclusions occur in some cumulate halite (Figure 3f). Cumulate halite precipitates at the brine surface or in the water column and then sinks to the brine bottom to form well-sorted accumulations [33][34][35][36]. …”

Section: Khorat Halite and Fluid Inclusion Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

Wang

Lowenstein

2017

Minerals

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Elevated surface paleobrine temperatures (average 85.6 • C) are reported here from Cretaceous marine halites in the Maha Sarakham Formation, Khorat Plateau, Thailand. Fluid inclusions in primary subaqueous "chevron" and "cumulate" halites associated with potash salts contain daughter crystals of sylvite (KCl) and carnallite (MgCl 2 ·KCl·6H 2 O). Petrographic textures demonstrate that these fluid inclusions were trapped from the warm brines in which the halite crystallized. Later cooling produced supersaturated conditions leading to the precipitation of sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals within fluid inclusions. Dissolution temperatures of daughter crystals in fluid inclusions from the same halite bed vary over a large range (57.9 • C to 117.2 • C), suggesting that halite grew at different temperatures within and at the bottom of the water column. Consistency of daughter crystal dissolution temperatures within fluid inclusion bands and the absence of vapor bubbles at room temperature demonstrate that fluid inclusions have not stretched or leaked. Daughter crystal dissolution temperatures are reproducible to within 0.1 • C to 10.2 • C (average of 1.8 • C), and thus faithfully document paleobrine conditions. Microcrystalline hematite incorporated within halite crystals also indicate high paleobrine temperatures. We conclude that halite crystallized from warm brines rich in K-Mg-Na-Cl; sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals were nucleated during cooling of the warm brines sometime after deposition. Hothouse, hydrothermal, and solar-heating hypotheses are compared to explain the anomalously high surface paleobrine temperatures. Solar radiation stored in shallow density stratified brines is the most plausible explanation for the observed paleobrine temperatures and the progressively higher temperatures downward through the paleobrine column. The solar-heating hypothesis may also explain high paleobrine temperatures documented from fluid inclusions in other ancient halites.

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Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Khorat Halite and Fluid Inclusion Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Khorat Halite and Fluid Inclusion Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

Wang

Lowenstein

2017

Minerals

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“…We minimize this issue by examining surficial deposits from relatively young fans along the eastern flank of Death Valley. The lack of lake sediments and shorelines on these surfaces indicates the fan surface developed after the drawdown of pluvial Lake Manly (Hooke, 1972;Smith, 1976;Li et al, 1996), which likely occurred ∼ 12 ka (Anderson and Wells, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A topographic fingerprint to distinguish alluvial fan formative processes

2007

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Did Lake Manly overflow at Ash Hill?

Hooke

1998

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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Near Ash Hill in the Mojave Desert, California, there is an impressive channel that is cut in bedrock. The channel is in a pass through which Lake Manly, the pluvial lake that occupied Death Valley, could have overflowed. Indeed, the channel has been attributed to such overflow. The pass, however, is 500 m above the highest shorelines of Lake Manly in Death Valley, and evidence from cores from dry lakes on either side of the pass does not support the overflow hypothesis.Despite its size, new field observations suggest that the channel was actually eroded by local runoff. Water from several tributaries collects into a single channel at this point, and the resulting discharge is apparently sufficient to cause retreat of a knickpoint from the downstream edge of the basalt flow into which the channel is cut.

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A 100 ka record of water tables and paleoclimates from salt cores, Death Valley, California

Cited by 99 publications

References 30 publications

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

A topographic fingerprint to distinguish alluvial fan formative processes

Did Lake Manly overflow at Ash Hill?

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