A 100-Year Review: Fat feeding of dairy cows

Palmquist, D.L.; Jenkins, T.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2017-12924

Cited by 130 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Grummer (1992) suggested, based on studies conducted in the early 1990s, that supplemental tallow had little benefit on cow performance when fed in the first 5 to 7 wk of lactation, which is likely associated with the high levels of supplemental fat included in the diet (5-6% DM) and reduced DMI. In contrast, recent research has increased interest in the effects of feeding individual FA, extending beyond their energy contribution to include potential metabolic and physiological effects of individual FA (Palmquist and Jenkins, 2017). Considerable research has evaluated the effects of C16:0 supplements on dairy cow performance and metabolism (e.g., Piantoni et al, 2013;; however, these studies were conducted only in postpeak cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of timing of palmitic acid supplementation on production responses of early-lactation dairy cows

Souza

Lock

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of timing of palmitic acid (C16:0) supplementation on production responses of early-lactation dairy cows. Fifty-two multiparous cows were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. During the fresh period (FR; 1-24 d in milk) cows were assigned to either a control diet containing no supplemental fat (CON) or a diet supplemented with C16:0 (palmitic acid, PA; 1.5% of diet dry matter). During the peak (PK) period (25-67 d in milk) cows were assigned to either a CON diet or a PA (1.5% of diet dry matter) diet in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments considering the diet that they received during the FR period. During the FR period, we did not observe treatment differences for dry matter intake or milk yield. Compared with CON, PA increased the yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk by 5.30 kg/d, yield of energy-corrected milk (ECM) by 4.70 kg/d, milk fat content by 0.41% units, milk fat yield by 280 g/d, and protein yield by 100 g/d. The increase in milk fat associated with the PA treatment during the FR period occurred due to an increase in yield of 16-carbon milk fatty acids (FA) by 147 g/d (derived from both de novo synthesis and extraction from plasma) and preformed milk FA by 96 g/d. Compared with CON, PA decreased body weight (BW) by 21 kg and body condition score (BCS) by 0.09 units and tended to increase BW loss by 0.76 kg/d. Although PA consistently increased milk fat yield and ECM over time, a treatment × time interaction was observed for BW and BCS due to PA inducing a greater decrease in BW and BCS after the second week of treatments. Feeding PA during the PK period increased milk yield by 3.45 kg/d, yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk by 4.50 kg/d, yield of ECM by 4.60 kg/d, milk fat content by 0.22% units, milk fat yield by 210 g/d, protein yield by 140 g/d, and lactose yield by 100 g/d but tended to reduce BW by 10 kg compared with CON. Also, during the PK period we observed an interaction between diet fed in the FR and PK periods for milk fat yield due to feeding PA during the PK period increasing milk fat yield to a greater extent in cows that received the CON diet (+240 g/d) rather than the PA diet (+180 g/d) during the FR period. This difference was associated with the yield of preformed FA because feeding PA during the PK period increased the yield of preformed milk FA only in cows that received the CON diet during the FR period. In conclusion, feeding a C16:0 supplement to early-lactation cows consistently increased the yield of ECM in both the FR and PK periods compared with a control diet. For some variables, the effect of feeding C16:0 was affected by timing of supplementation because milk yield increased only during the PK period and BW decreased to a greater extent in the FR period. Regardless of diet fed in the FR period, feeding a C16:0 supplement during the PK period increased yields of milk and milk components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of timing of palmitic acid supplementation on production responses of early-lactation dairy cows

Souza

Lock

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Dietary fat is usually supplemented in animal feeds to address gross energy requirements and avoid negative energy balance especially in intensive production system (Weisbjerg et al, 2013, Palmquist andJenkins, 2017). Normally, different oils are supplemented to manipulate fermentation kinetics, and microbial populations in rumen to improve performance while reducing methane production (Huws et al, 2015 andEnjalbert et al, 2017), enhancing meat and milk fatty acids profiles (Steinfeld et al, 2006;Shingfield et al, 2013 andGawad et al, 2015a), increased efficiency of feed utilization (Myer et al, 2015 andYoshimura et al, 2018), and enhancing health and welfare (Nagaraja and Titgemeyer, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil as Natural Feed Supplement on the Productive Performance of Lactating Ewes

Ebeid

Shaaban

Gawad

et al. 2019

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds

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oringa seed oil (MSO) was used as a feed additive to evaluate its potential to manipulate rumen fermentation and productive performance in lactating Ossimi ewes. Cold extracted MSO was supplemented at four different levels (1, 2, 3, and 4%) in diet using in vitro batch culture system for optimizing best supplementation level for sheep. Results of in vitro study revealed non-significant (P>0.05) effect of MSO on true dry matter degradability (TDMD) up to 3% inclusion level, however, decrease in TDMD was observed by 4% MSO supplementation as compared to control and other treatment groups. Accumulated gas production was significantly (P<0.05) increased by MSO supplementation while nonsignificant decrease in ammonia concentration was observed. Fermentation pattern and TDMD revealed 1% MSO as an appropriate level for supplementation, which was further evaluated by in vivo trial. Fourteen lactating Ossimi ewes (about 3 years old with an average body weight of 51 ± 0.5 kg after 5 days of parturition) were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (seven each). One group was fed a basal diet without any supplementation and served as control. Other group was fed basal diet supplemented with 1% MSO on dry matter basis. Animals were fed these diets for a period of 45 days. Nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition were determined. Results revealed that supplementation of MSO significantly (P<0.05) increased milk yield and fat corrected milk. Similarly, it is also significantly (P<0.05) increased yield of milk components (protein, lactose, and SNF) as compared to the control group. However, milk composition (%) was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by treatment. Our study revealed that MSO could be used as a natural fat supplement to meet energy requirements of lactating sheep. Moreover, antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, present in MSO can effectively modulate rumen fermentation which makes it a potential alternative of chemical feed additives (especially antibiotics) to improve feed digestibility and utilization for increasing animal productivity.

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“…Rumen metabolism modifies the fatty acid profile of the diet available for intestinal absorption (MILTKO et al, 2019), besides influencing digestibility of EE (PALMQUIST and JENKINS, 2017) and fibrous fractions of the diet (PEREIRA et al, 2016). Several oleaginous grains have been used in concentrate formulations to enrich ruminant diets, as they have a favorable cost-energy ratio and good protein content, reducing diet costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oilseeds in diets of fattening lambs

Aferri¹,

Cação²,

Henrique³

et al. 2019

Bol. Ind. Anim.

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An experiment was conducted to compare different oilseeds in replacement of ground corn in diets of fattening lambs, evaluating performance, apparent diet digestibility, ingestive behavior, and carcass traits. Twenty-four crossbred lambs, three months old and with initial body weight 25.97 ± 0.75 kg, were kept in individual pens. The animals received one of the following diets: 'control' (no oilseeds, 3.11% Ether Extract -EE), 'cottonseed' (6.14% EE), 'sunflower' (6.33% EE), and 'soybean' (6.30% EE). All diets contained 23.63% of coast cross hay and 76.37% of concentrate. After 84 days in feedlot, the animals were slaughtered and the carcasses were evaluated. The dry matter intake (DMI) and daily weight gain (DWG) of animals fed with the control diet was higher than sunflower (P≤0.05). Final body weight and carcass weight were higher (P≤0.05) in the control (42.42 kg and 19.27 kg, respectively) than for sunflower diet (34.85 kg and 16.05 kg, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was reduced (P≤0.05) when the animals received cottonseed diet (50.34%) in comparison to soybean (71.07%), sunflower (67.07%) and control (66.50%). NDF digestibility for soybean, sunflower and control diets did not differ from each other. Lower (P≤0.05) EE digestibility was observed for the control diet (73.67%). There were no differences (P≥0.05) in the ingestive behavior, however, the addition of cottonseed or sunflower negatively affected (P≤0.05) rumination efficiency of NDF. Sunflower should not be included in high concentrate diets for fattening lambs. RESUMO:Um experimento foi conduzido para comparar diferentes oleaginosas em substituição ao milho moído na dieta de cordeiros em engorda, avaliando o desempenho, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta, o comportamento ingestivo e as características de carcaça. Vinte e quatro cordeiros cruzados, com 3 meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 25,97 ± 0,75 kg, foram mantidos em baias individuais. Eles receberam uma das seguintes dietas ou tratamentos: 'controle' (sem grãos de oleaginosas, 3,11% de Extrato Etéreo -EE), 'caroço de algodão' (6,14% EE), 'girassol' (6,33% EE) e 'soja' (6,30% EE). Todas as dietas continham 23,63% de feno de coast cross e 76,37% de concentrado. Após 84 dias de confinamento, os animais foram abatidos e as carcaças avaliadas. O consumo de matéria seca e ganho de peso diário dos animais alimentados com a dieta controle foi maior daqueles alimentados com girassol (P≤0,05). O peso corporal final e o peso da carcaça foram maiores (P≤0,05) para aqueles alimentados com a dieta controle (42,42 kg e 19,27 kg, respectivamente) que aqueles da dieta com girassol (34,85 kg e 16,05 kg, respectivamente). A digestibilidade da Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) foi reduzida (P≤0,05) quando os animais receberam caroço de algodão (50,34%) comparado à soja (71,07%); para as dietas com girassol (67,07%) e controle (66,50%) não houve diferenças das demais. Menor (P≤0,05) digestibilidade do extrato etéreo foi observada para a dieta controle (73,67%). Não houve diferen...

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A 100-Year Review: Fat feeding of dairy cows

Cited by 130 publications

References 157 publications

Effects of timing of palmitic acid supplementation on production responses of early-lactation dairy cows

Effects of timing of palmitic acid supplementation on production responses of early-lactation dairy cows

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil as Natural Feed Supplement on the Productive Performance of Lactating Ewes

Oilseeds in diets of fattening lambs

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