Malpractice complaints against oral health professionals (OHPs) are increasing globally, and include breach of confidentiality, failure to obtain valid informed consent, issuing fraudulent medical certificates, claiming for services not rendered and violating regulations governing the dental profession. South African dentists were most commonly charged with clinical complaints (59%) whilst 29% of dental cases and 46% of dental therapist cases were for fraud. To analyse the nature and outcome of malpractice by OHPs as reported by the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) A cross sectional descriptive survey of the data between 2007-2016. 118 cases and 198 counts of dental malpractice were identified, predominantly by dentists (74.6 %), then specialists (17 %) and dental therapists (11%). Males recorded 77.1% of complaints, Gauteng practitioners, 53.4%, and 53.8% were OHPs who had worked for 10 years or more. Approximately a third (37%) of the OHPs had more than one count of malpractice. Mean ages for independent practice were calculated. Fraud, clinical misconduct and unprofessionalism constituted 66.7 %, 23.2 % and 10.1% of all counts of malpractice respectively, while there were significant differences between the involved dentists and dental therapists. Fraud remains the most serious and ever increasing form of malpractice among Oral Health professionals. Dental malpractice, HPCSA, misconduct, oral health professional. Malpractice claims against Oral Health Professionals (OHPs) are on the increase worldwide. 1-4 Malpractice encompasses breach of confidentiality, failure to obtain valid informed consent, issuing fraudulent medical certificates, claiming for services not rendered and violating regulations governing the dental profession. 5 The major cause of malpractice is a failure to adhere to norms and standards of the profession, and a failure to achieve the desired therapeutic goals that are commonly accepted and rendered by peer practitioners. 2 The literature records considerable variation in clinical malpractice claims lodged against OHPs. In the Netherlands, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Spain and United States of America (USA), the clinical discipline most frequently implicated is oral surgery. 3,4,6-8 In contrast, in Kerman province in Iran, the highest number of clinical complaints are in endodontics, followed by prosthodontics, operative dentistry and oral surgery. 2 According to Postma, et al. 9 a similar distribution of implicated clinical disciplines was recorded in South Africa (SA). The study also showed that fraud was the leading form of malpractice laid against dental therapists (46%), and accounted for 29% of malpractice claims laid against dentists. 9 In most instances potential malpractice suits are settled between OHPs and the patients. In the absence of an amicable solution, patients normally report their complaints to the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) or, rarely, lodge a civil malpractice suit. 10