A 16 × 8 Hybrid Beamforming and Precoding Processor for 2D Planar Antenna Array in mmWave MIMO Systems

Defense against SSDF Attack and PUE Attack in CR-Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) for Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Beamforming Systems

“…However, position estimation in two-dimension (2D) is inaccurate since three-dimensional (3D) estimation provides a more accurate position of SU. A low complex hybrid beamforming and precoding processor is presented for 16 × 8 2D planar antenna array in mmWave system [36]. In this work, antenna selection is performed using a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) algorithm, which reduces the RF chains and baseband processing complexity.…”

“…• High possibility for sensing reports to be falsified CSS based PUE detection [32] • Lack of localization approach increases the complexity Spectrum access based PUE detection [33] • Static rule-based method decreases the detection accuracy Chaotic tag-based detection [34] • BER is high when SNR decreases • Inaccurate PUE detection Beamforming Two stage algorithm [35] • Position estimation in 2D is inaccurate Precoding method [36] • Coverage of MIMO is limited due to the absence of 3D estimation AN based beamforming [37] • Degrades the signal quality • Security is poor Hybrid beamforming [39] • The coverage of beamforming is limited to a 120-degree Angular based beamforming [40] • The efficiency of beamforming is low due to the presence of obstacles MUBT scheme [41] • Not suitable for large-scale users • Limits the coverage of the MIMO system Routing BPA based routing [42] • Needs a common idle channel all the time • Increases transmission delay ACO routing [43] • ACO increases the convergence time • Limited metrics only considered Trusted routing [44] • Not able to achieve better performance Connectivity-aware routing [45] • Route selection time is high due to the greedy approach…”