A 17th-century Tsunami Deposit Discovered on the Eastern Iburi Coast, Hokkaido, Northern Japan

Takashimizu, Yasuhiro; Sagayama, Tsumoru; Nishina, Kenji; Oka, Takao; Nakamura, Yugo; Nishimura, Yuichi

doi:10.4116/jaqua.46.119

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, this rupture zone may be more expansive because it simultaneously reconstructs the distribution of tsunami deposits from western Hokkaido and Kuril Islands (Ioki & Tanioka, 2016; Sawai, 2020). If the seventeenth‐century earthquake had a rupture zone extending westward and simultaneously reproduced the tsunami deposits in western Hokkaido (Takashimizu et al., 2007, 2017), then the tsunami height in this area is even higher (e.g., Tetsuka et al., 2020), and the discrepancy between the observed and calculated sediments would be larger. Therefore, the magnitude of the present fault model on the southwest side of the Kuril Trench is generally appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these simulations, the source fault parameters are selected to reproduce an inundation area covering the distribution of tsunami deposits at certain survey sites along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido (Figure 1b). Moreover, the tsunami deposits in the seventeenth century have been reported in western Hokkaido from the Hidaka to Iburi regions (Takashimizu et al, 2007(Takashimizu et al, , 2017. To reproduce tsunami deposits from western to eastern Hokkaido by the same earthquake, it is necessary to assume a more extensive rupture zone than that of the conventional model (Sawai, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sediment Transport Modeling Based on Geological Data for Holocene Coastal Evolution: Wave Source Estimation of Sandy Layers on the Coast of Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi

Ashi

2022

JGR Earth Surface

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Tsunami deposits are some of the few physical evidence that can be used to estimate the magnitude of earthquakes in the prehistorical period. As the historic records in Hokkaido are limited to ∼200 years, it is important to reconstruct paleoearthquakes using tsunami deposits. To estimate the rupture zone of paleoearthquakes based on tsunami deposits, conducting surveys at multiple sites and assuming a tsunami based on which the correlated tsunami deposits at each site are comprehensively reconstructed are necessary. Other factors, such as storms and floods, should be comprehensively examined to confirm that the event layers are tsunami deposits. Modern tsunami deposit studies have reported cases where the sand distribution does not correspond to the inundation area (Abe et al., 2012). The numerical simulation of sediment transport using extreme waves is a solution to these problems (Sugawara et al., 2019;Watanabe et al., 2018Watanabe et al., , 2021. Because directly comparing the distribution of sand layers with simulated tsunami inundation is impossible, tsunami propagation and the associated

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Sediment Transport Modeling Based on Geological Data for Holocene Coastal Evolution: Wave Source Estimation of Sandy Layers on the Coast of Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi

Ashi

2022

JGR Earth Surface

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“…1a), only one tsunami deposit was identified since ca. 3 ka and was correlated with the seventeenthcentury tsunami (Takashimizu et al 2007). Additionally, the lateral correlation and sources of the tsunami deposits formed during the last 500 years in the west of the Hidaka Coast (Fig.…”

Section: Settingsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On the Hokkaido side, many drilling surveys were also conducted. In eastern Hokkaido, a short average recurrence interval (close to 400 years) was estimated from long-term tsunami history based on the tsunami deposits (e.g., Sawai et al 2009), whereas prior tsunamideposit researchers found a longer average recurrence interval to the west of the Hidaka Coast than eastern Hokkaido (Takashimizu et al 2007;Takashimizu 2014;Nakanishi et al, 2020Nakanishi et al, , 2022. To the west of the Hidaka Coast (Fig.…”

Section: Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washover deposits related to tsunami and storm surge along the north coast of the Shimokita Peninsula in northern Japan

Ishimura

Ishizawa

Yamada

et al. 2022

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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A decade after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), geological surveys were conducted at multiple sites along the Pacific Coast of the tsunami-inundated Tohoku region in Japan, providing thousands of years of tsunami history. However, the challenges of correlation between historical records and geological tsunami deposits and identifying sources of historical and paleotsunamis have newly surfaced. Particularly the simultaneity and source of the 1611 Keicho tsunami in the Tohoku region and the seventeenth-century tsunami in the Hokkaido region are problematic. To solve such major issues, we conducted a tsunami-deposit survey at Sekinehama on the north coast of Shimokita Peninsula, near the junction of the Japan and Kuril trenches. We performed nondestructive analyses (X-ray computed tomography and micro-X-ray-fluorescence core scanning), grain-size analysis, tephra analysis, and radiocarbon dating of sediments from two coastal outcrops and inland drill cores. We identified five tsunami deposits (TD1–TD5) during the last 6 kyr and correlated them at a 200–400 m distance from the coast. They also correlate with previously identified tsunami deposits around the Shimokita Peninsula. From our study on tsunami deposits, we found other washover deposits in the coastal outcrops that are not represented in the inland cores. These indicate minor washover events related to small tsunamis and infrequent storm surges. The modeled age of the latest tsunami deposit is 500–300 cal yr BP (1450–1650 cal CE). This either correlates with two known tsunamis (the 1611 Keicho tsunami and another seventeenth-century tsunami) or is a previously unknown tsunami that occurred in the fifteenth–seventeenth centuries. If the latest tsunami deposit is to be accurately correlated with tsunami deposits previously identified within a 50-km distance from the study site, we need to consider an unknown fifteenth-century tsunami. Our investigation yields insights regarding the tsunami source in the vicinity of the junction of the Japan and Kuril trenches.

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“…Historical records indicate that the AD 1611 Keicho tsunami, generated by an earthquake along the Japan Trench, affected a large area of eastern Japan. Tsunami deposits that may represent this event have been found around the south-west regions of Hokkaido and Sendai (Takashimizu et al, 2007;Sawai et al, 2012). However, no tsunami deposits related to these earthquakes have been found in Aomori, and it is difficult to estimate their rupture areas accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological evidence for an unusually large tsunami on the Pacific coast of Aomori, northern Japan

et al. 2014

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To assess long-term tsunami inundation history, we studied a wetland on the Pacific coast of Aomori, Japan, at the northern end of the Japan Trench. We found five sand sheets interbedded in freshwater mud and peat, three of which contained brackish diatoms indicating deposition by marine inundation. We identified the youngest sand sheet, deposited AD 1480-1770, as a tsunami deposit based on its lateral extent (>1 km) from the shoreline at the time of its deposition. Although this area has been struck by many tsunamis generated by earthquakes along the Japan Trench as well as along the Kuril and Peru-Chile trenches, no tsunami recorded at least in the past 120 years has inundated the coast as far inland as this tsunami deposit is distributed. We therefore infer that it was deposited by an unusually large tsunami. Historical and geological evidence for tsunamis in north-east Japan suggests that possible sources are the AD 1611 Keicho earthquake along the Japan Trench, a 17th-century earthquake along the Kuril Trench, or an unknown large earthquake.

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A 17th-century Tsunami Deposit Discovered on the Eastern Iburi Coast, Hokkaido, Northern Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Sediment Transport Modeling Based on Geological Data for Holocene Coastal Evolution: Wave Source Estimation of Sandy Layers on the Coast of Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan

Sediment Transport Modeling Based on Geological Data for Holocene Coastal Evolution: Wave Source Estimation of Sandy Layers on the Coast of Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan

Washover deposits related to tsunami and storm surge along the north coast of the Shimokita Peninsula in northern Japan

Geological evidence for an unusually large tsunami on the Pacific coast of Aomori, northern Japan

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