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Citation for published version (APA):Bergmans, J. W. M. (2005). Effect of loop delay on phase margin of first-order and second-order control loops. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. II, Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 52(10), 621-625. DOI: 10.1109/TCSII.2005 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?
Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract-This paper analyzes the phase margin of first-order and second-order control loops in the presence of a loop delay and establishes rules of thumb on the maximum permissible delay for a given phase margin. Both discrete-time and continuous-time loops are considered. Results are applicable, for example, to adaptive filters and to first-order and second-order phase-locked loops.Index Terms-Adaptive filter, control loop, loop delay, phase margin, phase-locked loop (PLL).