A 220GHz High Efficiency Balanced Frequency Doubler Using 3-D EM Model of Diodes

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

Micro-coaxial probe technique (MCPT) is widely used in three-dimensional electromagnetic (3-D EM) modeling of planar Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) for the design of terahertz multipliers and mixers. However, the inconsistency of port numbers between 3-D EM model and intrinsic model of diode has been pended for years due to the lack of alternative internal port techniques. In this paper, after investigating port techniques available for field simulation software, a novel dual lumped ports technique (DLPT) is proposed to replace the MCPT for removing its non-physical grounding requirement, which makes the defined internal ports have definite physical meaning. Moreover, the proposed DLPT possesses higher accuracy than MCPT for the elimination of epitaxial layer penetration and additional consideration of port coupling effect. Detail technical procedures for DLPT are presented for internal double ports implementation. To verify its feasibility and accuracy at terahertz band, a 110 GHz broadband tripler was designed utilizing the proposed DLPT and the measured results agree well with the simulated ones. Furthermore, a series of frequency multipliers designed by MCPT are post-analyzed with the same models derived from DLPT. Finally, a slight discrepancy is observed between MCPT and DLPT, and the latter coincides better with the measured results. All these results indicate that the proposed DLPT is validated to be effective and accurate for the design of diode frequency multipliers and mixers in terahertz region. INDEX TERMS Micro-coaxial probe technique, dual lumped ports technique, 3-D EM model, schottky barrier diode, diode modeling, frequency multipliers, mixers, terahertz.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Lumped Ports Technique and Its Applications in Modeling of Planar Schottky Diode in THz Band

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

“…For instance, a balanced frequency doubler needs input fundamental and output second harmonic impedances [16]. A balanced frequency tripler needs input fundamental and output third harmonic impedances [29].…”

Section: External Matching Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, electrical parameters-filled SPICE model is incorporated into circuit software which makes it widely used in multiplier design [15][16][17][18]. This model is straightforward and practical, but lacks thermal effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Thermal Design for Broadband Balanced Terahertz Tripler

Wei

Cui

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper presents a comprehensive electro-thermal (E-T) design method applied to the circuit design of the multipliers, which intends to improve the design flexibility and simulation reliability of the broadband frequency multiplier.The design method is divided into two steps: a self-consistent electro-thermal model and an external matching circuit. The self-consistent electro-thermal model consists of three parts: the steady-state thermal model, the thermal separation variable model, and the three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic (EM) model. The electro-thermal model is suitable for application in hybrid integrated circuit, because the thermal correction is only carried in simulation. There is no additional diode and temperature-controlled equipment cost in thermal parameters extraction. Then, a formula-based impedances network named linear embedding impedances is set as external wideband response instead of single frequency point embedding impedance. This two-step design method enables the nonlinear I-V thermal correction, circuit matching design and their coupling simulation in circuit level. Based on the design approach, a balanced 225–300 GHz frequency tripler with AlN substrate has been designed and manufactured. The output consistency of simulated and measured results reachs up to 82% and the S11 basically better than -10 dB across the wideband of 225-300 GHz.

“…For instance, a balanced frequency doubler needs input 1st and output 2nd impedances [16]. A balanced frequency tripler needs input 1st and output 3rd impedances [33].…”

Section: External Matching Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Broadband Balanced Terahertz Tripler Design with Thermal and High-Frequency Effects

Wei

Cui

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

This paper presents an accurate design method applied to the terahertz broadband multipliers. The design method is divided into two steps: a self-consistent electro-thermal (E-T) model with frequency-dependent spreading resistance and an external matching circuit. The self-consistent electro-thermal model consists of three parts: the steady-state thermal model, the electro-thermal diode circuit model, and the three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic (EM) model. The steady-state thermal model and the electro-thermal diode circuit model are used to express the thermal effects of diode. In particular, in the EM model, a frequency-dependent spreading resistance is obtained by the fitting conductivity of actual doped buffer layers and extracted by the auxiliary circuit structures, which is used to express the high-frequency effects. Then, the external matching circuit is designed carefully to match external wideband response instead of single frequency point load-pull. Based on the design approach, a balanced 225–300 GHz frequency tripler with AlN substrate has been designed and manufactured. By introducing the high frequency spreading resistance, a better simulated-measured consistency is achieved compared to the single E-T model, no matter low input power (80 mW) or high input power (160 mW) condition.